A Study of Secure DBaaS with Encrypted Data Transactions

The emergence of cloud computing allowed different IT services to be outsourced to cloud service providers (CSP). This includes the management and storage of user's structured data called Database as a Service (DBaaS). However, DBaaS requires users to trust the CSP to protect their data, which is inherent in all cloud-based services. Enterprises and Small-to-Medium Businesses (SMB) see this as a roadblock in adopting cloud services (and DBaaS) because they do not have full control of the security and privacy of the sensitive data they are storing on the cloud. One of the solutions is for the data owners to store their sensitive data in the cloud's storage services in encrypted form. However, to take full advantage of DBaaS, there should be a solution to manage the structured data while it is encrypted. Upcoming technologies like Secure Multi-Party Computing (MPC) and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) are recent advances in security that allow computation on encrypted data. FHE is considered as the holy grail of cryptography and the original blue print's processing performance is in the order of 1014 times longer than without encryption. Our work gives an insight on how far the state-of-the-art is into realizing it into a practical and viable solution for cloud computing data services. We achieved this by comparing two types of encrypted database management system (DBMS). We performed well-known complex database queries and measured the performance results of the two DBMS. We used an FHE-encrypted relational DBMS (RDBMS) and for specific query sets it takes only a few milliseconds, and the highest is in the order of 104 times longer than encrypted object-oriented DBMS (OODBMS). Aside from focusing on performance of the two databases, we also evaluated the network resource usage, standards availability, and application integration.