Biblio

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) consist of sensors, actuators, and controllers all communicating over a network; if any subset becomes compromised, an attacker could cause significant damage. With access to data logs and a model of the CPS, the physical effects of an attack could potentially be detected before any damage is done. Manually building a model that is accurate enough in practice, however, is extremely difficult. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for constructing models of CPS automatically, by applying supervised machine learning to data traces obtained after systematically seeding their software components with faults ("mutants"). We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach on the simulator of a real-world water purification plant, presenting a framework that automatically generates mutants, collects data traces, and learns an SVM-based model. Using cross-validation and statistical model checking, we show that the learnt model characterises an invariant physical property of the system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of the invariant by subjecting the system to 55 network and code-modification attacks, and showing that it can detect 85% of them from the data logs generated at runtime.

Sometimes a security-critical decision must be made using information provided by peers. Think of routing messages, user reports, sensor data, navigational information, blockchain updates. Attackers manifest as peers that strategically report fake information. Trust models use the provided information, and attempt to suggest the correct decision. A model that appears accurate by empirical evaluation of attacks may still be susceptible to manipulation. For a security-critical decision, it is important to take the entire attack space into account. Therefore, we define the property of robustness: the probability of deciding correctly, regardless of what information attackers provide. We introduce the notion of realisations of honesty, which allow us to bypass reasoning about specific feedback. We present two schemes that are optimally robust under the right assumptions. The “majority-rule” principle is a special case of the other scheme which is more general, named “most plausible realisations”.

Concurrency programs often induce buggy results due to the unexpected interaction among threads. The detection of these concurrency bugs costs a lot because they usually appear under a specific execution trace. How to virtually explore different thread schedules to detect concurrency bugs efficiently is an important research topic. Many techniques have been proposed, including lightweight techniques like adaptive randomized scheduling (ARS) and heavyweight techniques like maximal causality reduction (MCR). Compared to heavyweight techniques, ARS is efficient in exploring different schedulings and achieves state-of-the-art performance. However, it will lead to explore large numbers of redundant thread schedulings, which will reduce the efficiency. Moreover, it suffers from the “cold start” issue, when little information is available to guide the distance calculation at the beginning of the exploration. In this work, we propose a Heuristic-Enhanced Adaptive Randomized Scheduling (HARS) algorithm, which improves ARS to detect concurrency bugs guided with novel distance metrics and heuristics obtained from existing research findings. Compared with the adaptive randomized scheduling method, it can more effectively distinguish the traces that may contain concurrency bugs and avoid redundant schedules, thus exploring diverse thread schedules effectively. We conduct an evaluation on 45 concurrency Java programs. The evaluation results show that our algorithm performs more stably in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in detecting concurrency bugs. Notably, HARS detects hard-to-expose bugs more effectively, where the buggy traces are rare or the bug triggering conditions are tricky.

The fourth industrial revolution has led to the rapid development of industrial control systems. While the large number of industrial system devices connected to the Internet provides convenience for production management, it also exposes industrial control systems to more attack surfaces. Under the influence of multiple attack surfaces, sensitive data leakage has a more serious and time-spanning negative impact on industrial production systems. How to quickly locate the source of information leakage plays a crucial role in reducing the loss from the attack, so there are new requirements for tracing sensitive data in industrial control information systems. In this paper, we propose a digital watermarking traceability scheme for sensitive data in industrial control systems to address the above problems. In this scheme, we enhance the granularity of traceability by classifying sensitive data types of industrial control systems into text, image and video data with differentiated processing, and achieve accurate positioning of data sources by combining technologies such as national secret asymmetric encryption and hash message authentication codes, and mitigate the impact of mainstream watermarking technologies such as obfuscation attacks and copy attacks on sensitive data. It also mitigates the attacks against the watermarking traceability such as obfuscation attacks and copy attacks. At the same time, this scheme designs a data flow watermark monitoring module on the post-node of the data source to monitor the unauthorized sensitive data access behavior caused by other attacks.

As a new industry integrated by computing, communication, networking, electronics, and automation technology, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has been widely concerned and highly valued at home and abroad. With the rapid growth of the number of intelligent connected vehicles, the data security risks of the IoV have become increasingly prominent, and various attacks on data security emerge in an endless stream. This paper firstly introduces the latest progress on the data security policies, regulations, standards, technical routes in major countries and regions, and international standardization organizations. Secondly, the characteristics of the IoV data are comprehensively analyzed in terms of quantity, standard, timeliness, type, and cross-border transmission. Based on the characteristics, this paper elaborates the security risks such as privacy data disclosure, inadequate access control, lack of identity authentication, transmission design defects, cross-border flow security risks, excessive collection and abuse, source identification, and blame determination. And finally, we put forward the measures and suggestions for the security development of IoV data in China.

With the wide application of Internet technology in the industrial control field, industrial control networks are getting larger and larger, and the industrial data generated by industrial control systems are increasing dramatically, and the performance requirements of the acquisition and storage systems are getting higher and higher. The collection and analysis of industrial equipment work logs and industrial timing data can realize comprehensive management and continuous monitoring of industrial control system work status, as well as intrusion detection and energy efficiency analysis in terms of traffic and data. In the face of increasingly large realtime industrial data, existing log collection systems and timing data gateways, such as packet loss and other phenomena [1], can not be more complete preservation of industrial control network thermal data. The emergence of software-defined networking provides a new solution to realize massive thermal data collection in industrial control networks. This paper proposes a 10-gigabit industrial thermal data acquisition and storage scheme based on software-defined networking, which uses software-defined networking technology to solve the problem of insufficient performance of existing gateways.