Biblio

Resilience of urban infrastructure to sudden, system-wide, potentially catastrophic events is a critical need across domains. The growing connectivity of infrastructure, including its cyber-physical components which can be controlled in real time, offers an attractive path towards rapid adaptation to adverse events and adjustment of system objectives. However, existing work in the field often offers disjoint approaches that respond to particular scenarios. On the other hand, abstract work on control of complex systems focuses on attempting to adapt to the changes in the system dynamics or environment, but without understanding that the system may simply not be able to perform its original task after an adverse event. To address this challenge, this programmatic paper proposes a vision for a new paradigm of infrastructure resilience. Such a framework treats infrastructure across domains through a unified theory of controlled dynamical systems, but remains cognizant of the lack of knowledge about the system following a widespread adverse event and aims to identify the system's fundamental limits. As a result, it will enable the infrastructure operator to assess and assure system performance following an adverse event, even if the exact nature of the event is not yet known. Building off ongoing work on assured resilience of control systems, in this paper we identify promising early results, challenges that motivate the development of resilience theory for infrastructure system, and possible paths forward for the proposed effort.

Crowd management in urban settings has mostly relied on either classical, non-automated mechanisms or spontaneous notifications/alerts through social networks. Such management techniques are heavily marred by lack of comprehensive control, especially in terms of averting risks in a manner that ensures crowd safety and enables prompt emergency response. In this paper, we propose a Markov Decision Process Scheme MDP to realize a smart infrastructure that is directly aimed at crowd management. A key emphasis of the scheme is a robust and reliable scalability that provides sufficient flexibility to manage a mixed crowd (i.e., pedestrian, cyclers, manned vehicles and unmanned vehicles). The infrastructure also spans various population settings (e.g., roads, buildings, game arenas, etc.). To realize a reliable and scalable crowd management scheme, the classical MDP is decomposed into Local MDPs with smaller action-state spaces. Preliminarily results show that the MDP decomposition can reduce the system global cost and facilitate fast convergence to local near-optimal solution for each L-MDP.