Biblio

The Personnel Management Information System is managed by the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency on local government office to provide personnel services. The existence of a system and information technology can help ongoing business processes but can have an impact or risk if the proper mitigation is not carried out. It is known that the problems are damage to databases, servers, and computer equipment due to bad weather, network connections being lost due to power outages, data loss due to not having backup data, and human error. This resulted in PMIS being inaccessible for some time, thus hampering ongoing business processes and causing financial losses. This study aims to identify risks, conduct a risk assessment using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method, and provide mitigation recommendations based on the ISO/IEC 27002:2013 standard. The analysis results obtained 50 failure modes categorized into five asset categories, and six failure modes have a high level. Then provide mitigation recommendations based on the ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Standard, which has been adapted to the needs of Human Resources Development Agency. Thus, the results of this study are expected to assist and serve as material for local office government's consideration in making improvements and security controls to avoid emerging threats to information assets.

This paper uses Endsley's situational awareness model as a starting point for creating a new cyber-security awareness model for risk maturity. This is used to model the relationship between risk management-based situational awareness and levels of maturity in making decisions to deal with potential cyber-attacks. The risk maturity related to cyber situational awareness using the fuzzy failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) method is needed as a basis for effective risk-based decision making and to measure the level of maturity in decision making using the Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model Integration (SEI CMMI) approach. The novelty of this research is that it builds a model of the relationship between the level of maturity and the level of risk in cyber-situational awareness. Based on the data during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of incidents, including the following decreases: from 15-29 cases of malware attacks to 8-12 incidents, from 20-35 phishing cases to 12-15 cases and from 5-10 ransomware cases to 5-6 cases.

Testing which is an indispensable part of software engineering is itself an art and science which emerged as a discipline over a period. On testing, if defects are found, testers diminish the risk by providing the awareness of defects and solutions to deal with them before release. If testing does not find any defects, testing assure that under certain conditions the system functions correctly. To guarantee that enough testing has been done, major risk areas need to be tested. We have to identify the risks, analyse and control them. We need to categorize the risk items to decide the extent of testing to be covered. Also, Implementation of structured metrics is lagging in software testing. Efficient metrics are necessary to evaluate, manage the testing process and make testing a part of engineering discipline. This paper proposes the usage of risk based testing using FMEA technique and provides an ideal set of metrics which provides a way to ensure effective testing process.

The paper describes modification of the ATA (Attack Tree Analysis) technique for assessment of instrumentation and control systems (ICS) dependability (reliability, availability and cyber security) called AvTA (Availability Tree Analysis). The techniques FMEA, FMECA and IMECA applied to carry out preliminary semi-formal and criticality oriented analysis before AvTA based assessment are described. AvTA models combine reliability and cyber security subtrees considering probabilities of ICS recovery in case of hardware (physical) and software (design) failures and attacks on components casing failures. Successful recovery events (SREs) avoid corresponding failures in tree using OR gates if probabilities of SRE for assumed time are more than required. Case for dependability AvTA based assessment (model, availability function and technology of decision-making for choice of component and system parameters) for smart building ICS (Building Automation Systems, BAS) is discussed.

Because of the nature of vehicular communications, security is a crucial aspect, involving the continuous development and analysis of the existing security architectures and punctual theoretical and practical aspects that have been proposed and are in need of continuous updates and integrations with newer technologies. But before an update, a good knowledge of the current aspects is mandatory. Identifying weaknesses and anticipating possible risks of vehicular communication networks through a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) represent an important aspect of the security analysis process and a valuable step in finding efficient security solutions for all kind of problems that might occur in these systems.