Biblio

Securing various data types such as text, image, and video is needed in real-time communications. The transmission of data over an insecure channel is a permanent challenge, especially in mass Internet applications. Preserving confidentiality and integrity of data toward malicious attacks, accidental devastation, change during transfer, or while in storage must be improved. Data Encryption Standard (DES) is considered as a symmetric-key algorithm that is most widely used for various security purposes. In this work, a Key-based Enhancement of the DES (KE-DES) technique for securing text is proposed. The KEDES is implemented by the application of two steps: the first is merging the Odd/Even bit transformation of every key bit in the DES algorithm. The second step is replacing the right-side expansion of the original DES by using Key-Distribution (K-D) function. The K-D allocation consists of 8-bits from Permutation Choice-1 (PC-1) key outcome. The next 32-bits outcomes from the right-side of data, there is also 8-bits outcome from Permutation Choice-2 (PC-2) in each round. The key and data created randomly, in this case, provide adequate security and the KEDES model is considered more efficient for text encryption.

6LoWPAN networks involving wireless sensors consist of resource starving miniature sensor nodes. Since secured authentication of these resource-constrained sensors is one of the important considerations during communication, use of asymmetric key distribution scheme may not be the perfect choice to achieve secure authentication. Recent research shows that Lucky Thirteen attack has compromised Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode for key establishment. Even though EAKES6Lo and S3K techniques for key establishment follow the symmetric key establishment method, they strongly rely on a remote server and trust anchor for secure key distribution. Our proposed Lightweight Authentication Protocol (LAUP) used a symmetric key method with no preshared keys and comprised of four flights to establish authentication and session key distribution between sensors and Edge Router in a 6LoWPAN environment. Each flight uses freshly derived keys from existing information such as PAN ID (Personal Area Network IDentification) and device identities. We formally verified our scheme using the Scyther security protocol verification tool for authentication properties such as Aliveness, Secrecy, Non-Injective Agreement and Non-Injective Synchronization. We simulated and evaluated the proposed LAUP protocol using COOJA simulator with ContikiOS and achieved less computational time and low power consumption compared to existing authentication protocols such as the EAKES6Lo and SAKES.