Biblio

JPEG-XS offers low complexity image compression for applications with constrained but reasonable bit-rate, and low latency. Our paper explores the deployment of JPEG-XS on lossy packet networks. To preserve low latency, Forward Error Correction (FEC) is envisioned as the protection mechanism of interest. Although the JPEG-XS codestream is not scalable in essence, we observe that the loss of a codestream fraction impacts the decoded image quality differently, depending on whether this codestream fraction corresponds to codestream headers, to coefficient significance information, or to low/high frequency data. Hence, we propose a rate-distortion optimal unequal error protection scheme that adapts the redundancy level of Reed-Solomon codes according to the rate of channel losses and the type of information protected by the code. Our experiments demonstrate that, at 5% loss rates, it reduces the Mean Squared Error by up to 92% and 65%, compared to a transmission without and with optimal but equal protection, respectively.

The use of image data in multimedia communication based applications like military applications and medical images security applications are increasing every day and the secrecy of the image data is extremely important for such applications. A number of methods and techniques for securely transmitting images are proposed in the literature based on image encryption and steganography approaches. A novel mechanism for transmitting color images securely is proposed in this paper mainly based on public key cryptography mechanism also by combining the advantage of simplicity of symmetric schemes. The technique combines the strengths of Elliptic Curve Cryptography and the classical symmetric cryptographic mechanism called Hill Cipher encryption method. The technique also includes the concept of Magic Square for jumbling the pixels yielding maximum diffusion in the image pixels. In the performance evaluation, the proposed method proved that the new system works pretty well. The method is proved to be effective in maintaining the confidentiality of the image in transit and also for resisting security attacks.

Security of Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most prevalent crucial challenges ever since. The diversified devices and their specification along with resource constrained protocols made it more complex to address over all security need of IoT. Denial of Service attacks, being the most powerful and frequent attacks on IoT have been considered so forth. However, the attack happens on multiple layers and thus a single detection technique for each layer is not sufficient and effective to combat these attacks. Current study focuses on cross layer intrusion detection system (IDS) for detection of multiple Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Presently, two attacks at Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Routing Protocol are considered for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) and a neural network-based IDS approach has been proposed for the detection of such attacks. The attacks are simulated on NetSim and detection and the performance shows up to 80% detection probabilities.

Public transportation is an important system of urban passenger transport. The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of network resilience when each station of urban rail transit network was attacked by large passenger flow. Based on the capacity load model, we propose a load redistribution mechanism to simulate the passenger flow propagation after being attacked by large passenger flow. Then, taking Xi'an's rail network as an example, we study the resilience variety of the network after a node is attacked by large passenger flow. Through some attack experiments, the feasibility of the model for studying the resilience of the rail transit system is finally verified.

With the continuous development of edge computing, the application scope of mobile crowdsourcing (MCS) is constantly increasing. The distributed nature of edge computing can transmit data at the edge of processing to meet the needs of low latency. The trustworthiness of the third-party platform will affect the level of privacy protection, because managers of the platform may disclose the information of workers. Anonymous servers also belong to third-party platforms. For unreal third-party platforms, this paper recommends that workers first use the localized differential privacy mechanism to interfere with the real location information, and then upload it to an anonymous server to request services, called the localized differential anonymous privacy protection mechanism (LDNP). The two privacy protection mechanisms further enhance privacy protection, but exacerbate the loss of service quality. Therefore, this paper proposes to give corresponding compensation based on the authenticity of the location information uploaded by workers, so as to encourage more workers to upload real location information. Through comparative experiments on real data, the LDNP algorithm not only protects the location privacy of workers, but also maintains the availability of data. The simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness of the incentive mechanism.

The widely adopted dynamic line rating (DLR) mechanism can improve the operation efficiency for industrial and commercial power systems. However, the predicted environmental parameters used in DLR bring great uncertainty to transmission line capacity estimation and may introduce system security risk if over-optimistic estimation is adopted in the operation process, which could affect the electrical safety of industrial and commercial power systems in multiple cases. Therefore, it becomes necessary to establish a system operation security assessment model to reduce the risk and provide operational guidance to enhance electrical safety. This paper aims to solve the electrical safety problems caused by the transmission line under DLR mechanism. An operation security assessment method of transmission lines considering DLR uncertainty is proposed to visualize the safety margin under the given operation strategy and optimally setting transmission line capacity while taking system safety into account. With the help of robust optimization (RO) techniques, the uncertainty is characterized and a risk-averse transmission line rating guidance can be established to determine the safety margin of line capacity for system operation. In this way, the operational security for industrial and commercial power systems can be enhanced by reducing the unsafe conditions while the operational efficiency benefit provided by DLR mechanism still exist.

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is a distributed network control system that mainly manages unmanned aerial vehicle access to controlled airspace and provides navigation between so-called nodes. Securing the transmission of real-time information from the nodes in these applications is essential. The limited drone nodes, data storage, computing and communication capabilities necessitate the need to design an effective and secure authentication scheme. Recently, research has proposed remote user authentication and the key agreement on IoD and claimed that their schemes satisfied all security issues in these networks. However, we found that their schemes may lead to losing access to the drone system due to the corruption of using a key management system and make the system completely unusable. To solve this drawback, we propose a lightweight and anonymous two-factor authentication scheme for drones. The proposed scheme is based on an asymmetric cryptographic method to provide a secure system and is more suitable than the other existing schemes by securing real-time information. Moreover, the comparison shows that the proposed scheme minimized the complexity of communication and computation costs.

This paper for the first time investigate the security and reliability performance of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) systems in the presence of randomly distributed eavesdroppers, where the impact of short blocklength codes and imperfect channel estimation are jointly considered. Based on the finite-blocklength information theory, we first derive a closed-form approximation of transmission error probability to describe the degree of reliability loss. Then, we also derive an asymptotic expression of intercept probability to characterize the security performance, where the impact of secrecy protected zone is also considered. Simulation and numerical results validate the accuracy of theoretical approximations, and illustrate the tradeoff between security and reliability. That is, the intercept probability of URLLC systems can be suppressed by loosening the reliability requirement, and vice versa. More importantly, the theoretical analysis and methodologies presented in this paper can offer some insights and design guidelines for supporting secure URLLC applications in the future 6G wireless networks.

Wireless sensor networks have become so popular in many applications such as vehicle tracking and monitoring, environmental measurements and radiation analysis. These applications can be ready to go for further processing by connecting it to remote servers through protocols that outside world used such as internet. This brings IPv6 over low power wireless sensor network (6LowPAN) into very important role to develop a bridge between internet and WSN network. Though a reliable communication demands many parameters such as data rate, effective data transmission, data security as well as packet size etc. A gateway between 6lowPAN network and IPV6 is needed where frame size compression is required in order to increase payload of data frame on hardware platform.

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are liable to malicious attacks due to limited bandwidth, limited power, high propagation delay, path loss, and variable speed. The major differences between UWSNs and Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs) necessitate a new mechanism to secure UWSNs. The existing Media Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols have addressed the network performance of UWSNs, but are vulnerable to several attacks. The secure MAC and routing protocols must exist to detect Sybil, Blackhole, Wormhole, Hello Flooding, Acknowledgment Spoofing, Selective Forwarding, Sinkhole, and Exhaustion attacks. These attacks can disrupt or disable the network connection. Hence, these attacks can degrade the network performance and total loss can be catastrophic in some applications, like monitoring oil/gas spills. Several researchers have studied the security of UWSNs, but most of the works detect malicious attacks solely based on a certain predefined threshold. It is not optimal to detect malicious attacks after the threshold value is met. In this paper, we propose a multi-factor authentication model that is based on zero-knowledge proof to detect malicious activities and secure UWSNs from several attacks.

We present a covert (low probability of detection) communication scheme that exploits the node multiplicity and channel variations in wireless broadcast networks. The transmitter hides the covert (private) message by superimposing it onto a non-covert (public) message such that the total transmission power remains the same whether or not the covert message is transmitted. It makes the detection of the covert message impossible unless the non-covert message is decoded. We exploit the multiplicity of non-covert messages (users) to provide a degree of freedom in choosing the non-covert message such that the total detection error probability (sum of the probability of false alarm and missed detection) is maximized. We also exploit the channel variation to minimize the throughput loss on the non-covert message by sending the covert message only when the transmission rate of the non-covert message is low. We show that the total detection error probability converges fast to 1 as the number of non-covert users increases and that the total detection error probability increases as the transmit power increases, without requiring a pre-shared secret among the nodes.

In this work, communication secrecy in the physical layer for various radio frequencies is examined. Frequencies with the highest level of secrecy in 1-1000 GHz range and their level of communication secrecy are derived. The concept of ultimate secrecy in wireless communications is proposed. Attenuation lines and ranges of both detection and ultimate secrecy are calculated for transmitter powers from 1 W to 1000 W. From results, frequencies with the highest potential to apply bandwidth saving method known as frequency reuse are devised. Commonly used secrecy benchmarks for the given conditions are calculated. Frequencies with the highest attenuation are devised and their ranges of both detection and ultimate secrecy are calculated.

Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) is an experimental transport protocol designed to primarily reduce connection establishment and transport latency, as well as to improve security standards with default end-to-end encryption in HTTPbased applications. QUIC is a multiplexed and secure transport protocol fostered by Google and its design emerged from the urgent need of innovation in the transport layer, mainly due to difficulties extending TCP and deploying new protocols. While still under standardisation, a non-negligble fraction of the Internet's traffic, more than 7% of a European Tier1-ISP, is already running over QUIC and it constitutes more than 30% of Google's egress traffic [1].

This article presents a consensus based distributed energy management optimization algorithm for an islanded microgrid. With the rapid development of renewable energy and distributed generation (DG) energy management is becoming more and more distributed. To solve this problem a multi-agent system based distributed solution is designed in this work which uses lambda-iteration method to solve optimization problem. Moreover, the algorithm is fully distributed and transmission losses are also considered in the modeling process which enhanced the practicality of proposed work. Simulations are performed for different cases on 8-bus microgrid to show the effectiveness of algorithm. Moreover, a scalability test is performed at the end to further justify the expandability performance of algorithm for more advanced networks.

A joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme based on hybrid digital/analog coding is proposed for the transmission of correlated sources over discrete-memoryless two-way channels (DM-TWCs). The scheme utilizes the correlation between the sources in generating channel inputs, thus enabling the users to coordinate their transmission to combat channel noise. The hybrid scheme also subsumes prior coding methods such as rate-one separate source-channel coding and uncoded schemes for two-way lossy transmission, as well as the correlation-preserving coding scheme for (almost) lossless transmission. Moreover, we derive a distortion outer bound for the source-channel system using a genie-aided argument. A complete JSSC theorem for a class of correlated sources and DM-TWCs whose capacity region cannot be enlarged via interactive adaptive coding is also established. Examples that illustrate the theorem are given.

Each year, large ground motions from earthquakes cause infrastructure damage and loss of life worldwide. Here we present a novel concept that redirects and attenuates hazardous seismic waves using an engineered seismic-muffler acting as a cloaking device. The device employs vertically-oriented, sloping-opposing boreholes or trenches to form muffler walls and is designed to: 1) reflect and divert large amplitude surface waves as a barrier, while 2) dissipating body and converted waves traveling from depth upward into the muffler duct. Seismic wave propagation models suggest that a seismic-muffler can effectively reduce broadband ground motion directly above the muffler. 3D simulations are also compared for validation with experimental data obtained from bench-scale blocks containing machined borehole arrays and trenches. Computer models are then scaled to an earth-sized model. Results suggest a devastating seismic energy magnitude 7.0-\$\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm M\_\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm E\$ earthquake can be reduced to less damaging magnitudes experienced in the muffler vicinity, 4.5- \$\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm M\_\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm E\$ (surface wave) and 5.7- \$\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm M\_\textbackslashtextbackslashmathrm E\$ (upgoing coupling into the muffler). Our findings imply that seismic-muffler structures significantly reduce the impact of the peak ground velocity of dangerous surface waves, while, seismic transmission upward through the muffler base at depth has marginal effects.

We show high confinement thermally tunable, low loss (0.27 ± 0.04 dB/cm) Si3N4waveguides that are 42 cm long. We show that this platform can enable the miniaturization of traditionally bulky active OCT components.