Biblio

In order to solve the problem that there is no effective means to find the optimal number of hidden nodes of single-hidden-layer feedforward neural network, in this paper, a method will be introduced to solve it effectively by using singular value decomposition. First, the training data need to be normalized strictly by attribute-based data normalization and sample-based data normalization. Then, the normalized data is decomposed based on the singular value decomposition, and the number of hidden nodes is determined according to main eigenvalues. The experimental results of MNIST data set and APS data set show that the feedforward neural network can attain satisfactory performance in the classification task.

Critical Infrastructures (CIs) use Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for remote control and monitoring. Sophisticated security measures are needed to address malicious intrusions, which are steadily increasing in number and variety due to the massive spread of connectivity and standardisation of open SCADA protocols. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) cannot detect attacks that are not already present in their databases. Therefore, in this paper, we assess Machine Learning (ML) for intrusion detection in SCADA systems using a real data set collected from a gas pipeline system and provided by the Mississippi State University (MSU). The contribution of this paper is two-fold: 1) The evaluation of four techniques for missing data estimation and two techniques for data normalization, 2) The performances of Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) are assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1score for intrusion detection. Two cases are differentiated: binary and categorical classifications. Our experiments reveal that RF detect intrusions effectively, with an F1score of respectively \textbackslashtextgreater 99%.