Biblio

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) promise efficient spectrum utilization by operating over the unused frequencies where Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) facilitate information exchanging among vehicles to avoid accidents, collisions, congestion, etc. Thus, CR enabled vehicular networks (CR-VANETs), a thriving area in wireless communication research, can be the enabler of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and autonomous driver-less vehicles. Similar to others, efficient and reliable communication in CR-VANETs is vital. Besides, security in such networks may exhibit unique characteristics for overall data transmission performance. For efficient and reliable communication, the proposed routing protocol considers the mobility patterns, spectrum availability, and trustworthiness to be the routing metrics. Hence, the protocol considers the vehicle's speed, mobility direction, inter-vehicles distance, and node's reliability to estimate the mobility patterns of a node. Besides, a trust-based reliability factor is also introduced to ensure secure communications by detecting malicious nodes or other external threats. Therefore, the proposed protocol detects malicious nodes by establishing trustworthiness among nodes and preserves security. Simulation is conducted for performance evaluation that shows the proposed routing selects the efficient routing path by discarding malicious nodes from the network and outperforms the existing routing protocols.

The ever-increasing number of wireless network systems brought a problem of spectrum congestion leading to slow data communications. All of the radio spectrums are allocated to different users, services and applications. Hence studies have shown that some of those spectrum bands are underutilized while others are congested. Cognitive radio concept has evolved to solve the problem of spectrum congestion by allowing cognitive users to opportunistically utilize the underutilized spectrum while minimizing interference with other users. Byzantine attack is one of the security issues which threaten the successful deployment of this technology. Byzantine attack is compromised cognitive radios which relay falsified data about the availability of the spectrum to other legitimate cognitive radios in the network leading interference. In this paper we are proposing a security measure to thwart the effect caused by these attacks and compared it to Attack-Proof Cooperative Spectrum Sensing.