National CPS PI Meeting 2013
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Abstract:
Processors in cyber-physical systems are increasingly being used in applications where they must operate in harsh ambient conditions and a computational workload which can lead to high chip temperatures. Examples include cars, robots, aircraft and spacecraft. High operating temperatures accelerate the aging of the chips, thus increasing transient and permanent failure rates. Current ways to deal with this mostly turn off the processor core or drastically slow it down when some part of it is seen to exceed a given temperature threshold.
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This project seeks to develop a systemic approach to facilitate the efficient co-design of both the control (physical) and computer (cyber) sides of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Designing a CPS requires substantial inter-disciplinary activity. System design complexity is compounded by this multi-domain nature, precluding model and algorithm development within a single framework. Controlled-plant dynamics are the domain of control theory.
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The objective of this research is to define programming abstractions and theories of computation with temporal semantics for distributed cyber--physical systems. The approach is to create a coordination language for distributed embedded software that blends naturally with models of physical dynamics and to study the semantics of such a coordination language. The coordination language is a visual modeling language that is based on a rigorous discrete--event concurrent model of computation.
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Critical infrastructure systems - electricity grids, transportation networks, gas and water distribution networks - serve the needs of millions of people with extraordinary reliability. These large-scale systems comprise 106 108 individual elements (humans and hardware) whose actions are inconsequential in isolation but profoundly important in aggregate. This proposal focuses on coordination of these elements in smart infrastructure systems with integrated ubiquitous sensing, communications, computation, and control.
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Executive Summary
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A primary objective of this research is to establish a foundational framework for smart grids that enables significant penetration of renewable DERs and facilitates flexible deployments of plug-and-play applications. Under this common theme, the PIs have taken a data analytics perspective to explore rigorous approaches in modeling, optimization, and control of wind generation integration.
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The goal of this project is to develop fundamental theory, computationally efficient algorithms, and real- world experiments for the analysis and design of safety-critical cyber-physical transportation systems with human operators. We envision a nearby future in which roads will be populated by networks of smart vehicles that will cooperate with each other, with the surrounding infrastructure, and with their drivers to make transportation safer, more enjoyable, and more efficient.
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More than a half million pieces of space debris are in low-Earth orbit, of which about 5% are considered a threat to operational satellites. Collisions, such as the one that occurred on February 10, 2009 between the decommissioned Russian military communications satellite Kosmos-2251 and a operational U.S. Iridium communications satellite, produce yet more debris, and the accumulation of space debris renders low-Earth orbit increasingly dangerous and un- usable.
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Continuous real-time tracking of the eye and field-of-view of an individual is profoundly important to understanding how humans perceive and interact with cyber-physical systems. Such continuous monitoring can enable detection of hazardous behaviors such as drowsiness while driving, mental health issues such as schizophrenia, addictive behavior and substance abuse, neurological disease progression, head injuries, and others.
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The SDB project seeks to design, engineer, and evaluate the foundational information substrate for cyberphysical systems in a concrete, canonical form - creation of efficient, agile, model- driven, human-centered building systems. Modern commercial buildings provide increasingly integrated Building Management Systems, but are typically closed or based on proprietary interfaces, are difficult to extend, and it is expensive to add new capabilities.
