Biblio

In this study, it is proposed to carry out an efficient formulation in order to figure out the stochastic security-constrained generation capacity expansion planning (SC-GCEP) problem. The main idea is related to directly compute the line outage distribution factors (LODF) which could be applied to model the N - m post-contingency analysis. In addition, the post-contingency power flows are modeled based on the LODF and the partial transmission distribution factors (PTDF). The post-contingency constraints have been reformulated using linear distribution factors (PTDF and LODF) so that both the pre- and post-contingency constraints are modeled simultaneously in the SC-GCEP problem using these factors. In the stochastic formulation, the load uncertainty is incorporated employing a two-stage multi-period framework, and a K - means clustering technique is implemented to decrease the number of load scenarios. The main advantage of this methodology is the feasibility to quickly compute the post-contingency factors especially with multiple-line outages (N - m). This concept would improve the security-constraint analysis modeling quickly the outage of m transmission lines in the stochastic SC-GCEP problem. It is carried out several experiments using two electrical power systems in order to validate the performance of the proposed formulation.

The use of multi-terminal HVDC to integrate wind power coming from the North Sea opens de door for a new transmission system model, the DC-Independent System Operator (DC-ISO). DC-ISO will face highly stressed and varying conditions that requires new risk assessment tools to ensure security of supply. This paper proposes a novel risk-based static security assessment methodology named risk-based DC security assessment (RB-DCSA). It combines a probabilistic approach to include uncertainties and a fuzzy inference system to quantify the systemic and individual component risk associated with operational scenarios considering uncertainties. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a multi-terminal HVDC system where the variability of wind speed at the offshore wind is included.