Biblio

A novel deep neural network is proposed, for accurate and robust crowd counting. Crowd counting is a complex task, as it strongly depends on the deployed camera characteristics and, above all, the scene perspective. Crowd counting is essential in security applications where Internet of Things (IoT) cameras are deployed to help with crowd management tasks. The complexity of a scene varies greatly, and a medium to large scale security system based on IoT cameras must cater for changes in perspective and how people appear from different vantage points. To address this, our deep architecture extracts multi-scale features with a pyramid contextual module to provide long-range contextual information and enlarge the receptive field. Experiments were run on three major crowd counting datasets, to test our proposed method. Results demonstrate our method supersedes the performance of state-of-the-art methods.

With the rapid progression of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and especially of Internet of Things (IoT), the conventional electrical grid is transformed into a new intelligent paradigm, known as Smart Grid (SG). SG provides significant benefits both for utility companies and energy consumers such as the two-way communication (both electricity and information), distributed generation, remote monitoring, self-healing and pervasive control. However, at the same time, this dependence introduces new security challenges, since SG inherits the vulnerabilities of multiple heterogeneous, co-existing legacy and smart technologies, such as IoT and Industrial Control Systems (ICS). An effective countermeasure against the various cyberthreats in SG is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), informing the operator timely about the possible cyberattacks and anomalies. In this paper, we provide an anomaly-based IDS especially designed for SG utilising operational data from a real power plant. In particular, many machine learning and deep learning models were deployed, introducing novel parameters and feature representations in a comparative study. The evaluation analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed IDS and the improvement due to the suggested complex data representation.