Biblio

In the field of airport passenger security, a new type of security inspection equipment called intelligent passenger security equipment is applied widely, which can significantly improve the efficiency of airport security screening and passenger satisfaction. This paper establishes a security check channel model based on intelligent passenger security check equipment, and studies the factors affecting the efficiency of airport security screening, such as the number of baggage unloading points, baggage loading points, secondary inspection points, etc. A simulation model of security check channel is established based on data from existing intelligent passenger security check equipment and data collected from Beijing Daxing Airport. Equipment utilization and queue length data is obtained by running the simulation model. According to the data, the bottleneck is that the manual inspection process takes too long, and the utilization rate of the baggage unloading point is too low. For the bottleneck link, an optimization scheme is proposed. With more manual check points and secondary inspection points and less baggage unloading points, the efficiency of airport security screening significantly increases by running simulation model. Based on the optimized model, the effect of baggage unloading point and baggage loading point on efficiency is further studied. The optimal parameter configuration scheme under the expected efficiency is obtained. This research can assist engineers to find appropriate equipment configuration quickly and instruct the airport to optimize the arrangement of security staff, which can effectively improve the efficiency of airport security screening and reduce the operating costs of airport.

With the development of embedded systems towards networking and intelligence, the security threats they face are becoming more difficult to prevent. Existing protection methods make it difficult to monitor jump instructions and their target addresses for tampering by attackers at the low hardware implementation overhead and performance overhead. In this paper, a hardware-assisted security monitoring module is designed to monitor the integrity of jump instructions and jump addresses when executing programs. The proposed method has been implemented on the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA platform. Experiments show that this method is able to effectively monitor tampering attacks on jump instructions as well as target addresses while the embedded system is executing programs.

Recently, in solving problems of sound radiation by systems of piezoceramic radiators, new approaches have emerged, which make it possible to significantly approximate the design parameters of systems to the actually measured ones. These approaches are associated with taking into account the specific features of these systems performing two functions - the function of converting electrical energy into acoustic energy and the function of forming the latter in the surrounding space. The peculiarity of the first function is the interconnection of the electric, mechanical and acoustic fields during energy conversion. The peculiarity of the second function is the interaction of the radiators in the system during the formation of its acoustic field. The aim of the work is to study the effect of acoustic interaction of cylindrical piezoceramic radiators in the composition of flat systems on their physical fields. Using the method of coupled fields in multiply connected domains, using the addition theorems for cylindrical wave functions, we obtain analytical relations that allow one to calculate the numerical results for the parameters of three interconnected physical fields that ensure the emission of sound by plane systems. Their analysis showed that with the radial symmetry of electrical excitation of cylindrical radiators, the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is carried out on one - zero mode of oscillation. The placement of the radiators in the composition of the flat systems leads to the appearance of the effect of acoustic interaction between them in an external field, due to the multiple exchange of radiated and scattered waves. This effect destroys the radial symmetry of the acoustic loading of a single radiator. The violation of symmetry in the conversion of mechanical energy into acoustic energy leads to the appearance of oscillations that follow the zero mode. As a result, there is an effective redistribution of energy “pumped” into the radiators in the zero mode, between subsequent oscillations of the radiators. In turn, the emergence of new modes changes the acoustic field of a flat system. The results show the need to take into account the above features of the physical fields of the radiators in the composition of flat systems when choosing methods and developing methods for measuring field characteristics.

A new methodology to calculate the hysteresis induced power loss of inductor from the measured waveforms of DC-to-DC converter during the voltage conversion is presented. From this study, we find that the duty cycles (D) of the buck and boost converters used till date for inductance current calculation are not exactly equal to VOUT/VIN and 1-VIN/VOUT as the inductance change induced by the hysteresis effect cannot be neglected. Although the increase in the loading currents of the converter increases the remanence magnetization of inductor at the turn-off time (toff), this remanence magnetization is destroyed by the turbulence induced vortex current at the transistor turn-on transient. So, the core power loss of inductor increases with the loading current of the converter and becomes much larger than other power losses and cannot be neglected for the power efficiency calculation during power stage design.

In this paper we tackle the open paradoxical challenge of FPGA-accelerated cloud computing: On one hand, clients aim to secure their Intellectual Property (IP) by encrypting their configuration bitstreams prior to uploading them to the cloud. On the other hand, cloud service providers disallow the use of encrypted bitstreams to mitigate rogue configurations from damaging or disabling the FPGA. Instead, cloud providers require a verifiable check on the hardware design that is intended to run on a cloud FPGA at the netlist-level before generating the bitstream and loading it onto the FPGA, therefore, contradicting the IP protection requirement of clients. Currently, there exist no practical solution that can adequately address this challenge.We present the first practical solution that, under reasonable trust assumptions, satisfies the IP protection requirement of the client and provides a bitstream sanity check to the cloud provider. Our proof-of-concept implementation uses existing tools and commodity hardware. It is based on a trusted FPGA shell that utilizes less than 1% of the FPGA resources on a Xilinx VCU118 evaluation board, and an Intel SGX machine running the design checks on the client bitstream.

The heterogeneous massive logs incoming from multiple sources pose major challenges to professionals responsible for IT security and system administrator. One of the challenges is to develop a scalable heterogeneous logs database for storage and further analysis. In fact, it is difficult to decide which database is suitable for the needs, the best of a use case, execution time and storage performances. In this paper, we explore, study, and compare the performance of SQL and NoSQL databases on large heterogeneous event logs. We implement the relational database using MySQL, the column-oriented database using Impala on the top of Hadoop, and the graph database using Neo4j. We experiment the databases on a large heterogeneous logs and provide advice, the pros and cons of each SQL and NoSQL database. Our findings that Impala outperforms MySQL and Neo4j databases in terms of loading logs, execution time of simple queries, and storage of logs. However, Neo4j outperforms Impala and MySQL in the execution time of complex queries.

The widespread adoption of DEP has made most modern attacks follow the same general steps: Attackers try to construct code-reuse attacks by using vulnerable indirect branch instructions in shared objects after successful exploits on memory vulnerabilities. In response to code-reuse attacks, researchers have proposed a large number of defenses. However, most of them require access to source code and/or specific hardware features. These limitations hinder the deployment of these defenses much.In this paper, we propose an address-based code-reuse attack mitigation for shared objects at the binary-level. We emphasize that the execution of indirect branch instruction must follow several principles we propose. More specifically, we first reconstruct function boundaries at the program’s dynamic-linking stage by combining shared object’s dynamic symbols with binary-level instruction analysis. We then leverage static instrumentation to hook vulnerable indirect branch instructions to a novel target address computation and validation routine. At runtime, AddrArmor will protect against code-reuse attacks based on the computed target address.Our experimental results show that AddrArmor provides a strong line of defense against code reuse attacks, and has an acceptable performance overhead of about 6.74% on average using SPEC CPU 2006.

Intel SGX provides a new method to protect software privacy data, but it faces the security risk of side channel attack. In our opinion, SGX side channel attack depend on the implicit mapping between control flow and data flow to infer privacy data indirectly with control flow. For this reason, we propose code reuse to construct dynamic control flow software. In this method, by loading a large number of related gadgets in advance, the software reset the software control data according to the original software semantics at runtime, so that the software control flow can change dynamically heavily. Based on code reuse, we make the software control flow change dynamically, and the mapping between control flow and data flow more complex and difficult to determine, which can increase the difficulty of SGX side channel attack.

This paper presents a management system for a fleet of autonomous mobile robots performing logistics in security-heterogeneous factories. Loading and unloading goods and parts between workstations in these dynamic environments often demands from the mobile robots to share space and resources such as corridors, interlocked security doors and elevators among themselves. This model explores a dynamic task scheduling and assignment to the robots taking into account their location, tasks previously assigned and battery levels, all the while being aware of the physical constraints of the installation. The benefits of the proposed architecture were validated through a set of experiments in a mockup of INCM's shop-floor environment. During these tests 3 robots operated continuously for several hours, self-charging without any human intervention.

A good website quality is needed to meet user satisfaction. The value of the benefits of the web will be felt by many users if the web has very good quality. The ease of accessing the website is a reflection of the good quality of the website. The positive image of the web owner can be seen from the quality of the website. When doing research on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate General of Food Crops, the researcher found several pages that did not meet the website category which were said to be of good quality. Based on these findings, the authors are interested in analyzing user satisfaction with the website to measure the quality of the website of the Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate General of Food Crops using the PIECES method (Performance, Information, Economy, Control/Security, Efficiency, Service). The results of the study indicate that the level of user satisfaction with the website has been indicated as SATISFIED on each indicator, however, in measuring the quality of the website using YSlow (the GTMetrix tools, Pingdom Website Speed Tools), and (Web of Trust) WOT found many deficiencies such as loading the website takes a long time, there are some pages that cannot be found (page not found) and so on. Therefore, the authors provide several recommendations for better website development.

Users leave when page loads take too long. This simple fact has complex implications for virtually all modern businesses, because accelerating content delivery through caching is not as simple as it used to be. As a fundamental technical challenge, the high degree of personalization in today's Web has seemingly outgrown the capabilities of traditional content delivery networks (CDNs) which have been designed for distributing static assets under fixed caching times. As an additional legal challenge for services with personalized content, an increasing number of regional data protection laws constrain the ways in which CDNs can be used in the first place. In this paper, we present Speed Kit as a radically different approach for content distribution that combines (1) a polyglot architecture for efficiently caching personalized content with (2) a natively GDPR-compliant client proxy that handles all sensitive information within the user device. We describe the system design and implementation, explain the custom cache coherence protocol to avoid data staleness and achieve Δ-atomicity, and we share field experiences from over a year of productive use in the e-commerce industry.

Network security policies contain requirements - including system and software features as well as expected and desired actions of human actors. In this paper, we present a framework for evaluation of textual network security policies as requirements documents to identify areas for improvement. Specifically, our framework concentrates on completeness. We use topic modeling coupled with expert evaluation to learn the complete list of important topics that should be addressed in a network security policy. Using these topics as a checklist, we evaluate (students) a collection of network security policies for completeness, i.e., the level of presence of these topics in the text. We developed three methods for topic recognition to identify missing or poorly addressed topics. We examine network security policies and report the results of our analysis: preliminary success of our approach.

Web technology has evolved to offer 360-degree immersive browsing experiences. This new technology, called WebVR, enables virtual reality by rendering a three-dimensional world on an HTML canvas. Unfortunately, there exists no browser-supported way of sharing this canvas between different parties. As a result, third-party library providers with ill intent (e.g., stealing sensitive information from end-users) can easily distort the entire WebVR site. To mitigate the new threats posed in WebVR, we propose CanvasMirror, which allows publishers to specify the behaviors of third-party libraries and enforce this specification. We show that CanvasMirror effectively separates the third-party context from the host origin by leveraging the privilege separation technique and safely integrates VR contents on a shared canvas.

In Compositional data, the relative proportions of the components contain important relevant information. In such case, Euclidian distance fails to capture variation when considered within data science models and approaches such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Indeed, the Euclidean distance assumes implicitly that the data is normally distributed which is not the case of compositional vectors. Aitchison transformation has been considered as a standard in compositional data analysis. In this paper, we consider two other transformation methods, Isometric log ratio (ILR) transformation and data-based power (alpha) transformation, before feeding the data to PLS-DA algorithm for classification [1]. In order to investigate the merits of both methods, we apply them in two challenging information system security applications namely spam filtering and intrusion detection.

Loss of field (LOF) relay, with ANSI code 40, is one of the most important protection functions for synchronous generators in power plants. Although many LOF protection schemes have been presented in the literature during the last decades, a few numbers of them such as impedance and admittance based schemes are accepted by the industry. This paper explores and compares the performances of some industrial LOF protection schemes through simulation studies and from speed, reliability and security viewpoints. The simulation studies are carried out in the real-time-digital-simulator, where a realistic power generation unit is developed by employing the phase domain model of synchronous generator. Using such a realistic system, various types of LOF events can be simulated in accordance with IEEE Standard C37.102-2006, so that the performance of any method can be evaluated through careful LOF studies.

The Web ecosystem has been evolving over the past years and new Internet protocols, namely HTTP/2 over TLS/TCP and QUIC/UDP, are now used to deliver Web contents. Similarly, CDNs (Content Delivery Network) are deployed worldwide, caching contents close to end-users to optimize web browsing quality. We present in this paper an analysis of the influence of the Internet protocols and CDN on the Top 10,000 Alexa websites, based on a 12-month measurement campaign (from April 2018 to April 2019) performed via our tool Web View [1]. Part of our measurements are made public, represented on a monitoring website1, showing the results for the Top 50 Alexa Websites plus few specific websites and 8 french websites, suggested by the French Agency in charge of regulating telecommunications. Our analysis of this long-term measurement campaign allows to better analyze the delivery of public websites. For instance, it shows that even if some argue that QUIC optimizes the quality, it is not observed in the real-life since QUIC is not largely deployed. Our method for analyzing CDN delivery in the Web browsing allows us to evaluate its influence, which is important since their usage can decrease the web pages' loading time, on average 43.1% with HTTP/2 and 38.5% with QUIC, when requesting a second time the same home page.

A systematic study of technologies and concepts used for the design and construction of distributed fail-safe web systems has been conducted. The general principles of the design of distributed web-systems and information technologies that are used in the design of web-systems are considered. As a result of scientific research, it became clear that data backup is a determining attribute of most web systems serving. Thus, the main role in building modern web systems is to scaling them. Scaling in distributed systems is used when performing a particular operation requires a large amount of computing resources. There are two scaling options, namely vertical and horizontal. Vertical scaling is to increase the performance of existing components in order to increase overall productivity. However, for the construction of distributed systems, use horizontal scaling. Horizontal scaling is that the system is split into small components and placed on various physical computers. This approach allows the addition of new nodes to increase the productivity of the web system as a whole.

The IoT industry has developed rapidly in recent years, which has attracted the attention of security researchers. However, the researchers are hampered by the wide variety of IoT device operating systems and their hardware architectures. Especially for the lightweight IoT devices, many manufacturers do not provide the device firmware images, embedded firmware source code or even the develop documents. As a result, it hinders traditional static analysis and dynamic analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic analysis framework, called FIoT, which aims at finding memory corruption vulnerabilities in lightweight IoT device firmware images. The key idea is dynamically run the binary code snippets through symbolic execution with carrying out a fuzzing test. Specifically, we generate code snippets through traversing the control-flow graph (CFG) in a backward manner. We improved the CFG recovery approach and backward slice approach for better performance. To reduce the influence of the binary firmware, FIoT leverages loading address determination analysis and library function identification approach. We have implemented a prototype of FIoT and conducted experiments. Our results show that FIoT can complete the Fuzzing test within 40 seconds in average. Considering 170 seconds for static analysis, FIoT can load and analyze a lightweight IoT firmware within 210 seconds in total. Furthermore, we illustrate the effectiveness of FIoT by applying it over 115 firmware images from 17 manufacturers. We have found 35 images exist memory corruptions, which are all zero-day vulnerabilities.

In this paper, we describe several practically exploitable fault attacks against OpenSSL's implementation of elliptic curve cryptography, related to the singular curve point decompression attacks of Blömer and Günther (FDTC2015) and the degenerate curve attacks of Neves and Tibouchi (PKC 2016). In particular, we show that OpenSSL allows to construct EC key files containing explicit curve parameters with a compressed base point. A simple single fault injection upon loading such a file yields a full key recovery attack when the key file is used for signing with ECDSA, and a complete recovery of the plaintext when the file is used for encryption using an algorithm like ECIES. The attack is especially devastating against curves with j-invariant equal to 0 such as the Bitcoin curve secp256k1, for which key recovery reduces to a single division in the base field. Additionally, we apply the present fault attack technique to OpenSSL's implementation of ECDH, by combining it with Neves and Tibouchi's degenerate curve attack. This version of the attack applies to usual named curve parameters with nonzero j-invariant, such as P192 and P256. Although it is typically more computationally expensive than the one against signatures and encryption, and requires multiple faulty outputs from the server, it can recover the entire static secret key of the server even in the presence of point validation. These various attacks can be mounted with only a single instruction skipping fault, and therefore can be easily injected using low-cost voltage glitches on embedded devices. We validated them in practice using concrete fault injection experiments on a Rapsberry Pi single board computer running the up to date OpenSSL command line tools-a setting where the threat of fault attacks is quite significant.

Nowadays, The incorporation of different function of the network, as well as routing, administration, and security, is basic to the effective operation of a mobile circumstantial network these days, in MANET thought researchers manages the problems of QoS and security severally. Currently, each the aspects of security and QoS influence negatively on the general performance of the network once thought-about in isolation. In fact, it will influence the exceptionally operating of QoS and security algorithms and should influence the important and essential services needed within the MANET. Our paper outlines 2 accomplishments via; the accomplishment of security and accomplishment of quality. The direction towards achieving these accomplishments is to style and implement a protocol to suite answer for policy-based network administration, and methodologies for key administration and causing of IPsec in a very MANET.

This paper presents a new approach for a dynamic curtailment method for renewable energy sources that guarantees fulfilling of (n-1)-security criteria of the system. Therefore, it is applicable to high voltage distribution grids and has compliance to their planning guidelines. The proposed dynamic curtailment method specifically reduces the power feed-in of renewable energy sources up to a level, where no thermal constraint is exceeded in the (n-1)-state of the system. Based on AC distribution factors, a new formulation of line outage distribution factors is presented that is applicable for outages consisting of a single line or multiple segment lines. The proposed method is tested using a planning study of a real German high voltage distribution grid. The results show that any thermal loading limits are exceeded by using the dynamic curtailment approach. Therefore, a significant reduction of the grid reinforcement can be achieved by using a small amount of curtailed annual energy from renewable energy sources.

Coming days are becoming a much challenging task for the power system researchers due to the anomalous increase in the load demand with the existing system. As a result there exists a discordant between the transmission and generation framework which is severely pressurizing the power utilities. In this paper a quick and efficient methodology has been proposed to identify the most sensitive or susceptible regions in any power system network. The technique used in this paper comprises of correlation of a multi-bus power system network to an equivalent two-bus network along with the application of Artificial neural network(ANN) Architecture with training algorithm for online monitoring of voltage security of the system under all multiple exigencies which makes it more flexible. A fast voltage stability indicator has been proposed known as Unified Voltage Stability Indicator (UVSI) which is used as a substratal apparatus for the assessment of the voltage collapse point in a IEEE 30-bus power system in combination with the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) to establish the accuracy of the status of the system for different contingency configurations.