Biblio

Image watermarking is very important phenomenon in modern society where intellectual property right of information is necessary. Considering this impending problem, there are many image watermarking methods exist in the literature each of having some key advantages and disadvantages. After summarising state-of-the-art literature survey, an optimum digital watermark technique using singular value decomposition with principle component analysis (PCA) is proposed and verified. Basically, the host image is compressed using PCA which reduces multi-dimensional data to effective low-dimensional information. In this scheme, the watermark is embedded using the discrete wavelet transformation-singular value decomposition approach. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the system performance compared with the existing method in terms of the watermark embedding, and extraction time. Therefore, this work is valuable for image watermarking in modern life such as tracing copyright infringements and banknote authentication.

Distinguishing and classifying different types of malware is important to better understanding how they can infect computers and devices, the threat level they pose and how to protect against them. In this paper, a system for classifying malware programs is presented. The paper describes the architecture of the system and assesses its performance on a publicly available database (provided by Microsoft for the Microsoft Malware Classification Challenge BIG2015) to serve as a benchmark for future research efforts. First, the malicious programs are preprocessed such that they are visualized as gray scale images. We then make use of an architecture comprised of multiple layers (multiple levels of encoding) to carry out the classification process of those images/programs. We compare the performance of this approach against traditional machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms. Our experimental results show that the deep learning architecture yields a boost in performance over those conventional/standard algorithms. A hold-out validation analysis using the superior architecture shows an accuracy in the order of 99.15%.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a popular and inexpensive form of cyber attacks. Application layer DDoS attacks utilize legitimate application layer requests to overwhelm a web server. These attacks are a major threat to Internet applications and web services. The main goal of these attacks is to make the services unavailable to legitimate users by overwhelming the resources on a web server. They look valid in connection and protocol characteristics, which makes them difficult to detect. In this paper, we propose a detection method for the application layer DDoS attacks, which is based on user behavior anomaly detection. We extract instances of user behaviors requesting resources from HTTP web server logs. We apply the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) subspace anomaly detection method for the detection of anomalous behavior instances. Web server logs from a web server hosting a student resource portal were collected as experimental data. We also generated nine different HTTP DDoS attacks through penetration testing. Our performance results on the collected data show that using PCAsubspace anomaly detection on user behavior data can detect application layer DDoS attacks, even if they are trying to mimic a normal user's behavior at some level.