Biblio
The increased reliance on the Internet and the corresponding surge in connectivity demand has led to a significant growth in Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The continued deployment of IoT devices has in turn led to an increase in network attacks due to the larger number of potential attack surfaces as illustrated by the recent reports that IoT malware attacks increased by 215.7% from 10.3 million in 2017 to 32.7 million in 2018. This illustrates the increased vulnerability and susceptibility of IoT devices and networks. Therefore, there is a need for proper effective and efficient attack detection and mitigation techniques in such environments. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as one potential solution due to the abundance of data generated and available for IoT devices and networks. Hence, they have significant potential to be adopted for intrusion detection for IoT environments. To that end, this paper proposes an optimized ML-based framework consisting of a combination of Bayesian optimization Gaussian Process (BO-GP) algorithm and decision tree (DT) classification model to detect attacks on IoT devices in an effective and efficient manner. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using the Bot-IoT-2018 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed optimized framework has a high detection accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score, highlighting its effectiveness and robustness for the detection of botnet attacks in IoT environments.
The recently developed deep belief network (DBN) has been shown to be an effective methodology for solving time series forecasting problems. However, the performance of DBN is seriously depended on the reasonable setting of hyperparameters. At present, random search, grid search and Bayesian optimization are the most common methods of hyperparameters optimization. As an alternative, a state-of-the-art derivative-free optimizer-negative correlation search (NCS) is adopted in this paper to decide the sizes of DBN and learning rates during the training processes. A comparative analysis is performed between the proposed method and other popular techniques in the time series forecasting experiment based on two types of time series datasets. Experiment results statistically affirm the efficiency of the proposed model to obtain better prediction results compared with conventional neural network models.