Biblio

Nowadays, peoples are very concerned about their data privacy. Hence, all the current security methods should be improved to stay relevant in this fast-growing technology world. Visual Cryptography (VC) is a cryptographic technique that using the image processing method. The implementation of VC can be varying and flexible to be applied to the system that requires an extra security precaution as it is one of the effective solutions in securing the data exchange between two or more parties. The main purpose of the development of V-CRYPT System is to improve the current VC technique and make it more complex in the encryption and decryption process. V-CRYPT system will let the user enter the key, then select the image that they want to encrypt, and the system will split the image into four shares: share0, share1, share2, share3. Each pixel of the image will be splatted into a smaller block of subpixels in each of the four shares and encrypted as two subpixels in each of the shares. The decryption will work only when the user selects all the shares, and the correct text key is entered. The system will superimpose all the shares and producing one perfect image. If the incorrect key is entered, the resulted image will be unidentified. The results show that V- CRYPT is a valuable alternative to existing methods where its security level is higher in terms of adding a secure key and complexity.

with the advent of Cloud Computing a new era of computing has come into existence. No doubt, there are numerous advantages associated with the Cloud Computing but, there is other side of the picture too. The challenges associated with it need a more promising reply as far as the security of data that is stored, in process and in transit is concerned. This paper put forth a cloud computing model that tries to answer the data security queries; we are talking about, in terms of the four cryptographic techniques namely Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Verifiable Computation (VC), Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), Functional Encryption (FE). This paper takes into account the various cryptographic techniques to undertake cloud computing security issues. It also surveys these important (existing) cryptographic tools/techniques through a proposed Cloud computation model that can be used for Big Data applications. Further, these cryptographic tools are also taken into account in terms of CIA triad. Then, these tools/techniques are analyzed by comparing them on the basis of certain parameters of concern.

Security and privacy of smart grid communication data is crucial given the nature of the continuous bidirectional information exchange between the consumer and the utilities. Data security has conventionally been ensured using cryptographic techniques implemented at the upper layers of the network stack. However, it has been shown that security can be further enhanced using physical layer (PHY) methods. To aid and/or complement such PHY and upper layer techniques, in this paper, we propose a PHY design that can detect and locate not only an active intruder but also a passive eavesdropper in the network. Our method can either be used as a stand-alone solution or together with existing techniques to achieve improved smart grid data security. Our machine learning based solution intelligently and automatically detects and locates a possible intruder in the network by reusing power line transmission modems installed in the grid for communication purposes. Simulation results show that our cost-efficient design provides near ideal intruder detection rates and also estimates its location with a high degree of accuracy.

As part of its ongoing efforts to meet the increased spectrum demand, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has recently opened up 150 MHz in the 3.5 GHz band for shared wireless broadband use. Access and operations in this band, aka Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), will be managed by a dynamic spectrum access system (SAS) to enable seamless spectrum sharing between secondary users (SUs) and incumbent users. Despite its benefits, SAS's design requirements, as set by FCC, present privacy risks to SUs, merely because SUs are required to share sensitive operational information (e.g., location, identity, spectrum usage) with SAS to be able to learn about spectrum availability in their vicinity. In this paper, we propose TrustSAS, a trustworthy framework for SAS that synergizes state-of-the-art cryptographic techniques with blockchain technology in an innovative way to address these privacy issues while complying with FCC's regulatory design requirements. We analyze the security of our framework and evaluate its performance through analysis, simulation and experimentation. We show that TrustSAS can offer high security guarantees with reasonable overhead, making it an ideal solution for addressing SUs' privacy issues in an operational SAS environment.

Cloud Management Platforms (CMP) have been developed in recent years to set up cloud computing architecture. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is a cloud-delivered model designed by the provider to gather a set of IT resources which are furnished as services for user Virtual Machine Image (VMI) provisioning and management. Openstack is one of the most useful CMP which has been developed for industry and academic researches to simulate IaaS classical processes such as launch and store user VMI instance. In this paper, the main purpose is to adopt a security policy for a secure launch user VMI across a trust cloud environment founded on a combination of enhanced TPM remote attestation and cryptographic techniques to ensure confidentiality and integrity of user VMI requirements.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) comprise of independent ambulant nodes with no any stable infrastructure. All mobile nodes are co-operatively transfer their data packets to different mobile nodes in the network. Mobile nodes are depends on intermediate nodes when transmission range beyond limit i.e. multi hop network. As MANET is a highly dynamic network, mobile nodes can leave and join a network at anytime. Security is the biggest issue in MANET as MANET is infrastructure-less and autonomous. In MANET, correspondence between two mobile nodes is performed by routing protocols wherein every versatile node can make directly communication with other versatile node. In the event that both portable nodes are inside a transmission range of each other, then they can straightforwardly make communication with each other. Otherwise, transmission is done through the intermediate node. The nature of its wireless nature is also additionally turns into the purpose of its greatest vulnerability. In this manner, diminishing the confidence level of the system as it appropriate to availability, integrity, reliability and privacy concerns. There are different routing protocols for providing security that are designed based on various cryptographic techniques. To obtain a rapid knowledge of security design, we are giving a review on different cryptographic techniques to secure MANET. In this review, we presents security techniques and protocols related to cryptographic techniques.

Security and privacy issues of the Internet of Things (IoT in short, hereafter) attracts the hot topic of researches through these years. As the relationship between user and server become more complicated than before, the existing security solutions might not provide exhaustive securities in IoT environment and novel solutions become new research challenges, e.g., the solutions based on symmetric cryptosystems are unsuited to handle with the occasion that decryption is only allowed in specific time range. In this paper, a new scalable one-time file encryption scheme combines reliable cryptographic techniques, which is named OTFEP, is proposed to satisfy specialized security requirements. One of OTFEP's key features is that it offers a mechanism to protect files in the database from arbitrary visiting from system manager or third-party auditors. OTFEP uses two different approaches to deal with relatively small file and stream file. Moreover, OTFEP supports good node scalability and secure key distribution mechanism. Based on its practical security and performance, OTFEP can be considered in specific IoT devices where one-time file encryption is necessary.

Efficient and secure search on encrypted data is an important problem in computer science. Users having large amount of data or information in multiple documents face problems with their storage and security. Cloud services have also become popular due to reduction in cost of storage and flexibility of use. But there is risk of data loss, misuse and theft. Reliability and security of data stored in the cloud is a matter of concern, specifically for critical applications and ones for which security and privacy of the data is important. Cryptographic techniques provide solutions for preserving the confidentiality of data but make the data unusable for many applications. In this paper we report a novel approach to securely store the data on a remote location and perform search in constant time without the need for decryption of documents. We use bloom filters to perform simple as well advanced search operations like case sensitive search, sentence search and approximate search.
 

Cloud computing is widely deployed to handle challenges such as big data processing and storage. Due to the outsourcing and sharing feature of cloud computing, security is one of the main concerns that hinders the end users to shift their businesses to the cloud. A lot of cryptographic techniques have been proposed to alleviate the data security issues in cloud computing, but most of these works focus on solving a specific security problem such as data sharing, comparison, searching, etc. At the same time, little efforts have been done on program security and formalization of the security requirements in the context of cloud computing. We propose a formal definition of the security of cloud computing, which captures the essence of the security requirements of both data and program. Analysis of some existing technologies under the proposed definition shows the effectiveness of the definition. We also give a simple look-up table based solution for secure cloud computing which satisfies the given definition. As FPGA uses look-up table as its main computation component, it is a suitable hardware platform for the proposed secure cloud computing scheme. So we use FPGAs to implement the proposed solution for k-means clustering algorithm, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed solution.