Software & systems engineering and their applications.
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Electrification of the transportation market offers revenue growth for utility companies and automobile manufacturers, lower operational costs for consumers, and benefits to the environment. However, even moderate penetration of PEVs will stress the power grid. This project formulates and solves optimization problems critical to various entities in the PEV ecosystem -- PEV owners, commercial charging station owners, aggregators, and distribution companies -- at the distribution / retail level.
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Cyber Physical Systems have revolutionized manufacturing to the point that next generation component manufacturing is now referred to as "digital manufacturing." Parts are made based on digital models that are represented by discrete points or meshes in standard file formats such as STL. The difficulty with these representations is that they can become extremely large when high resolution is desired.
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Critical physical infrastructures, such as electrical grids and water networks etc., are increasingly controlled through a distributed cyber-systems which make it vulnerable to attacks. This project is devoted to developing the foundations of security of such cyber-physical systems.
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The objective of this research is to investigate and implement a software architecture to improve productivity in the development of rapidly deployable, robust, real-time situational awareness and response (R3SAR) applications. The approach is to allow a commodity to device to dynamically configure itself for a pre-instrumented sensor environment, such as a truck with attached road temperature, humidity, and moisture sensors.
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Advanced autonomous transportation technologies must become robust, affordable and maintainable before safe and wide public adoption. The following research challenges of cyber-physical systems must be overcome before autonomous vehicles become practical:
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The objective of this research is to develop methods for the operation and design of cyber physical systems in general, and energy efficient buildings in particular. The approach is to use an integrated framework: create models of complex systems from data; then design the associated sensing-communication-computation-control system; and finally create distributed estimation and control algorithms, along with execution platforms to implement these algorithms.
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The American Society of Civil Engineers' recent report on US infrastructure estimates that a $2.2 trillion investment would be needed to bring them up to par. An estimated 30% of the nation's 10,000 steel railroad bridges and 600,000 highway bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete or both. Currently, most bridge inspections are visual only, which has been shown to be ineffective in identifying problems. Acoustic Emission (AE) testing is a comprehensive and effective way of detecting structural damage.
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Robotic devices are excellent candidates for delivering repetitive and intensive practice that can restore functional use of the upper limbs, even years after a stroke. Rehabilitation of the wrist and hand in particular are critical for recovery of function, since hands are the primary interface with the world. However, robotic devices that focus on hand rehabilitation are limited due to excessive cost, complexity, or limited functionality.
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With the increasing popularity of mobile computing, cyber physical systems are merging into major mobile systems of our society, such as public transportation, supply chain systems, and taxi networks. Researchers have accumulated abundant knowledge for designing cyber physical systems, such as military surveillance, infrastructure protection, scientific exploration, and smart environments, mostly in relatively stationary settings, i.e., where spatial diversity is limited.
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Body sensor networks (BSN) are emerging cyber-physical systems that promise to improve the quality of life through improved health, augmented sensing and actuation for the disabled, independent living for the elderly, and reduced healthcare costs. However, the physical nature of BSNs introduces several new challenges. The human body, especially in the context of medical conditions, is a highly dynamic and unpredictable physical environment that creates constantly changing demands on sensing, actuation, and quality of service (QoS).
