Biblio

Software Defined Networking (SDN) focus on the isolation of control plane and data plane, greatly enhancing the network's support for heterogeneity and flexibility. However, although the programmable network greatly improves the performance of all aspects of the network, flexible load balancing across controllers still challenges the current SDN architecture. Complex application scenarios lead to flexible and changeable communication requirements, making it difficult to guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) for SDN users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a paradigm that uses blockchain to incentive safe load balancing for multiple controllers. We proposed a controller consortium blockchain for secure and efficient load balancing of multi-controllers, which includes a new cryptographic currency balance coin and a novel consensus mechanism Proof-of-Balance (PoB). In addition, we have designed a novel game theory-based incentive mechanism to incentive controllers with tight communication resources to offload tasks to idle controllers. The security analysis and performance simulation results indicate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Sybil security threat in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has attracted much attention in recent times. The attacker introduces malicious nodes with multiple identities. As the roadside unit fails to synchronize its clock with legitimate vehicles, unintended vehicles are identified, and therefore erroneous messages will be sent to them. This paper proposes a novel biologically inspired spider-monkey time synchronization technique for large-scale VANETs to boost packet delivery time synchronization at minimized energy consumption. The proposed technique is based on the metaheuristic stimulated framework approach by the natural spider-monkey behavior. An artificial spider-monkey technique is used to examine the Sybil attacking strategies on VANETs to predict the number of vehicular collisions in a densely deployed challenge zone. Furthermore, this paper proposes the pseudocode algorithm randomly distributed for energy-efficient time synchronization in two-way packet delivery scenarios to evaluate the clock offset and the propagation delay in transmitting the packet beacon message to destination vehicles correctly. The performances of the proposed technique are compared with existing protocols. It performs better over long transmission distances for the detection of Sybil in dynamic VANETs' system in terms of measurement precision, intrusion detection rate, and energy efficiency.