Biblio
The traditional network used today is unable to meet the increasing needs of technology in terms of management, scaling, and performance criteria. Major developments in information and communication technologies show that the traditional network structure is quite lacking in meeting the current requirements. In order to solve these problems, Software Defined Network (SDN) is capable of responding as it, is flexible, easier to manage and offers a new structure. Software Defined Networks have many advantages over traditional network structure. However, it also brings along many security threats due to its new architecture. For example, the DoS attack, which overloads the controller's processing and communication capacity in the SDN structure, is a significant threat. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), which is one of the wireless network technologies, is different from SDN technology. MANET is exposed to various attacks such as DoS due to its security vulnerabilities. The aim of the study is to reveal the security problems in SDN structure presented with a new understanding. This is based on the currently used network structures such as MANET. The study consists of two parts. First, DoS attacks against the SDN controller were performed. Different SDN controllers were used for more accurate results. Second, MANET was established and DoS attacks against this network were performed. Different MANET routing protocols were used for more accurate results. According to the scenario, attacks were performed and the performance values of the networks were tested. The reason for using two different networks in this study is to compare the performance values of these networks at the time of attack. According to the test results, both networks were adversely affected by the attacks. It was observed that network performance decreased in MANET structure but there was no network interruption. The SDN controller becomes dysfunctional and collapses as a result of the attack. While the innovations offered by the SDN structure are expected to provide solutions to many problems in traditional networks, there are still many vulnerabilities for network security.
This paper proposes a generic SATCOM control loop in a generic multivector structure to facilitate predictive analysis for achieving resiliency under time varying circumstances. The control loop provides strategies and actions in the context of game theory to optimize the resources for SATCOM networks. Details of the theoretic game and resources optimization approaches are discussed in the paper.
Intentional interference presents a major threat to the operation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Adaptive notch filtering provides an excellent countermeasure and deterrence against narrowband interference. This paper presents a comparative performance analysis of two adaptive notch filtering algorithms for GPS specific applications which are based on Direct form Second Order and Lattice-Based notch filter structures. Performance of each algorithm is evaluated considering the ratio of jamming to noise density against the effective signal to noise ratio at the output of the correlator. A fully adaptive lattice notch filter is proposed, which is able to simultaneously adapt its coefficients to alter the notch frequency along with the bandwidth of the notch filter. The filter demonstrated a superior tracking performance and convergence rate in comparison to an existing algorithm taken from the literature. Moreover, this paper describes the complete GPS modelling platform implemented in Simulink too.
NDN has been widely regarded as a promising representation and implementation of information- centric networking (ICN) and serves as a potential candidate for the future Internet architecture. However, the security of NDN is threatened by a significant safety hazard known as an IFA, which is an evolution of DoS and distributed DoS attacks on IP-based networks. The IFA attackers can create numerous malicious interest packets into a named data network to quickly exhaust the bandwidth of communication channels and cache capacity of NDN routers, thereby seriously affecting the routers' ability to receive and forward packets for normal users. Accurate detection of the IFAs is the most critical issue in the design of a countermeasure. To the best of our knowledge, the existing IFA countermeasures still have limitations in terms of detection accuracy, especially for rapidly volatile attacks. This article proposes a TC to detect the distributions of normal and malicious interest packets in the NDN routers to further identify the IFA. The trace back method is used to prevent further attempts. The simulation results show the efficiency of the TC for mitigating the IFAs and its advantages over other typical IFA countermeasures.
Reconnaissance might be the longest phase, sometimes take weeks or months. The black hat makes use of passive information gathering techniques. Once the attacker has sufficient statistics, then the attacker starts the technique of scanning perimeter and internal network devices seeking out open ports and related services. In this paper we are showing traffic accountability and time to complete the specific task during reconnaissance phase active scanning with nmap tool and proposed strategies that how to deal with large volumes of hosts and conserve network traffic as well as time of the specific task.
With increasing integration in SoCs, the Network-on-Chip (NoC) connecting cores and accelerators is of paramount importance to provide low-latency and high-throughput communication. Due to limits to scaling of electrical wires in terms of energy and delay, especially for long multi-mm distances on-chip, alternate technologies such as Wireless Network-on-Chip (WNoC) have shown promise. WNoCs can provide low-latency one-hop broadcasts across the entire chip and can augment point-to-point multi-hop signaling over traditional wired NoCs. Thus, there has been a recent surge in research demonstrating the performance and energy benefits of WNoCs. However, little to no work has studied the additional security and fault tolerance challenges that are unique to WNoCs. In this work, we study potential threats related to denial-of-service, spoofing, and eavesdropping attacks in WNoCs, due to malicious hardware trojans or faulty wireless components. We introduce Prometheus, a dropin solution inside the network interface that provides protection from all three attacks, while adhering to the strict area, power and latency constraints of on-chip systems.
Military reconnaissance in 1999 has paved the way to establish its own, self-reliant and indigenous navigation system. The strategic necessity has been accomplished in 2013 by launching seven satellites in Geo-orbit and underlying Network control center in Bangalore and a new NavIC control center at Lucknow, later in 2016. ISTRAC is one of the premier and amenable center to track the Indian as well as external network satellite launch vehicle and provide house-keeping and inertial navigation (INC) data to launch control center in real time and to project team in off-line. Over the ISTRAC Launch network, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) was disabled due to security and bandwidth reasons. The cons of SNMP comprise security risks that are normal trait whenever applied as an open standard. There is "security through obscurity" linked with any slight-used communications standard in SNMP. Detailed messages are being sent between devices, not just miniature pre-set codes. These cons in the SNMP are found in majority applications and more bandwidth seizure is another contention. Due to the above pros and cones in SNMP in form of open source, available network monitoring system (NMS) could not be employed for link monitoring and immediate decision making in ISTRAC network. The situation has made requisitions to evolve an in-house network monitoring system (NMS). It was evolved for real-time network monitoring as well as communication link performance explication. The evolved system has the feature of Internet control message protocol (ICMP) based link monitoring, 24/7 monitoring of all the nodes, GUI based real-time link status, Summary and individual link statistics on the GUI. It also identifies total downtime and generates summary reports. It does identification for out of order or looped packets, Email and SMS alert to Prime and Redundant system which one is down and repeat alert if the link is failed for more than 30 minutes. It has easy file based configuration and no application restart required. Generation of daily and monthly link status, offline link analysis plot of any day, less consumption of system resources are add-on features. It is fully secured in-house development, calculates total data flow over a network and co-relate data vs link percentage.
In this paper, security of networked control system (NCS) under denial of service (DoS) attack is considered. Different from the existing literatures from the perspective of control systems, this paper considers a novel method of dynamic allocation of network bandwidth for NCS under DoS attack. Firstly, time-constrained DoS attack and its impact on the communication channel of NCS are introduced. Secondly, details for the proposed dynamic bandwidth allocation structure are presented along with an implementation, which is a bandwidth allocation strategy based on error between current state and equilibrium state and available bandwidth. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed bandwidth allocation approach.
This paper deals with effects of current sensor bandwidth and time delays in a system controlled by a Phase-Shift Self-Oscillating Current Controller (PSSOCC). The robustness of this current controller has been proved in former works showing its good performances in a large range of applications including AC/DC and DC/AC converters, power factor correction, active filters, isolation amplifiers and motor control. As switching frequencies can be upper than 30kHz, time delays and bandwidth limitations cannot be neglected in comparison with former works on this robust current controller. Thus, several models are proposed in this paper to analyze system behaviours. Those models permit to find analytical expressions binding maximum oscillation frequency with time delay and/or additional filter parameters. Through current spectrums analysis, quality of analytical expressions is proved for each model presented in this work. An experimental approach shows that every element of the electronic board having a low-pass effect or delaying command signals need to be included in the model in order to have a perfect match between calculations, simulations and practical results.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a recent concept where virtualization enables the shift from network functions (e.g., routers, switches, load-balancers, proxies) on specialized hardware appliances to software images running on all-purpose, high-volume servers. The resource allocation problem in the NFV environment has received considerable attention in the past years. However, little attention was paid to the security aspects of the problem in spite of the increasing number of vulnerabilities faced by cloud-based applications. Securing the services is an urgent need to completely benefit from the advantages offered by NFV. In this paper, we show how a network service request, composed of a set of service function chains (SFC) should be modified and enriched to take into consideration the security requirements of the supported service. We examine the well-known security best practices and propose a two-step algorithm that extends the initial SFC requests to a more complex chaining model that includes the security requirements of the service.
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks have been a serious security concern, as no service is, in principle, protected against them. Although a Dolev-Yao intruder with unlimited resources can trivially render any service unavailable, DoS attacks do not necessarily have to be carried out by such (extremely) powerful intruders. It is useful in practice and more challenging for formal protocol verification to determine whether a service is vulnerable even to resource-bounded intruders that cannot generate or intercept arbitrary large volumes of traffic. This paper proposes a novel, more refined intruder model where the intruder can only consume at most some specified amount of resources in any given time window. Additionally, we propose protocol theories that may contain timeouts and specify service resource usage during protocol execution. In contrast to the existing resource-conscious protocol verification models, our model allows finer and more subtle analysis of DoS problems. We illustrate the power of our approach by representing a number of classes of DoS attacks, such as, Slow, Asymmetric and Amplification DoS attacks, exhausting different types of resources of the target, such as, number of workers, processing power, memory, and network bandwidth. We show that the proposed DoS problem is undecidable in general and is PSPACE-complete for the class of resource-bounded, balanced systems. Finally, we implemented our formal verification model in the rewriting logic tool Maude and analyzed a number of DoS attacks in Maude using Rewriting Modulo SMT in an automated fashion.
Up to now, Software-defined network (SDN) has been developing for many years and various controller implementations have appeared. Most of these controllers contain the normal business logic as well as security defense function. This makes the business logic on the controller tightly coupled with the security function, which increases the burden of the controller and is not conducive to the evolution of the controller. To address this problem, we propose a proactive security framework PSA, which decouples the business logic and security function of the controller, and deploys the security function in the proactive security layer which lies between the data plane and the control plane, so as to provide a unified security defense framework for different controller implementations. Based on PSA, we design a security defense application for the data-to-control plane saturation attack, which overloads the infrastructure of SDN networks. We evaluate the prototype implementation of PSA in the software environments. The results show that PSA is effective with adding only minor overhead into the entire SDN infrastructure.