Biblio
Blockchain is being pursued by a growing number of people with its characteristics of openness, transparency, and decentralization. At the same time, how to secure privacy protection in such an open and transparent ledger is an urgent issue to be solved for deep study. Therefore, this paper proposes a protocol based on Secure multi-party computation, which can merge and sign different transaction messages under the anonymous condition by using Pedersen commitment and Schnorr Signature. Through the rationality proof and security analysis, this paper demonstrates the private transaction is safe under the semi-honest model. And its computational cost is less than the equivalent multi-signature model. The research has made some innovative contributions to the privacy computing theory.
Suppose we are given a large number of sequences on a given alphabet, and an adversary is interested in identifying (de-anonymizing) a specific target sequence based on its patterns. Our goal is to thwart such an adversary by obfuscating the target sequences by applying artificial (but small) distortions to its values. A key point here is that we would like to make no assumptions about the statistical model of such sequences. This is in contrast to existing literature where assumptions (e.g., Markov chains) are made regarding such sequences to obtain privacy guarantees. We relate this problem to a set of combinatorial questions on sequence construction based on which we are able to obtain provable guarantees. This problem is relevant to important privacy applications: from fingerprinting webpages visited by users through anonymous communication systems to linking communicating parties on messaging applications to inferring activities of users of IoT devices.
Due to the mobility and openness of wireless body area networks (WBANs), the security of WBAN has been questioned by people. The patient's physiological information in WBAN is sensitive and confidential, which requires full consideration of user anonymity, untraceability, and data privacy protection in key agreement. Aiming at the shortcomings of Li et al.'s protocol in terms of anonymity and session unlinkability, forward/backward confidentiality, etc., a new anonymous mutual authentication and key agreement protocol was proposed on the basis of the protocol. This scheme only uses XOR and the one-way hash operations, which not only reduces communication consumption but also ensures security, and realizes a truly lightweight anonymous mutual authentication and key agreement protocol.
Emerging device-to-device (D2D) communication in 5th generation (5G) mobile communication networks and internet of things (loTs) provides many benefits in improving network capabilities such as energy consumption, communication delay and spectrum efficiency. D2D group communication has the potential for improving group-based services including group games and group discussions. Providing security in D2D group communication is the main challenge to make their wide usage possible. Nevertheless, the issue of security and privacy of D2D group communication has been less addressed in recent research work. In this paper, we propose an authentication and key agreement tree group-based (AKATGB) protocol to realize a secure and anonymous D2D group communication. In our protocol, a group of D2D users are first organized in a tree structure, authenticating each other without disclosing their identities and without any privacy violation. Then, D2D users negotiate to set a common group key for establishing a secure communication among themselves. Security analysis and performance evaluation of the proposed protocol show that it is effective and secure.
Nowadays, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are popularly known as they can reduce traffic and road accidents. These networks need several security requirements, such as anonymity, data authentication, confidentiality, traceability and cancellation of offending users, unlinkability, integrity, undeniability and access control. Authentication of the data and sender are most important security requirements in these networks. So many authentication schemes have been proposed up to now. One of the well-known techniques to provide users authentication in these networks is the authentication based on the smartcard (ASC). In this paper, we propose an ASC scheme that not only provides necessary security requirements such as anonymity, traceability and unlinkability in the VANETs but also is more efficient than the other schemes in the literatures.
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems are currently being prepared for real-world deployment, but they face strong opposition over privacy concerns. Position beacon messages are the main culprit, being broadcast in cleartext and pseudonymously signed up to 10 times per second. So far, no practical solutions have been proposed to encrypt or anonymously authenticate V2V messages. We propose two cryptographic innovations that enhance the privacy of V2V communication. As a core contribution, we introduce zone-encryption schemes, where vehicles generate and authentically distribute encryption keys associated to static geographic zones close to their location. Zone encryption provides security against eavesdropping, and, combined with a suitable anonymous authentication scheme, ensures that messages can only be sent by genuine vehicles, while adding only 224 Bytes of cryptographic overhead to each message. Our second contribution is an authentication mechanism fine-tuned to the needs of V2V which allows vehicles to authentically distribute keys, and is called dynamic group signatures with attributes. Our instantiation features unlimited locally generated pseudonyms, negligible credential download-and-storage costs, identity recovery by a trusted authority, and compact signatures of 216 Bytes at a 128-bit security level.
Anonymous communication networks (ACNs) are intended to protect the metadata during communication. As classic ACNs, onion mix-nets are famous for strong anonymity, in which the source defines a static path and wraps the message multi-times with the public keys of nodes on the path, through which the message is relayed to the destination. However, onion mix-nets lacks in resilience when the static on-path mixes fail. Mix failure easily results in message loss, communication failure, and even specific attacks. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve resilient routing in onion mix-nets, providing persistent routing capability even though node failure. The state-of-theart solutions mainly adopt mix groups and thus need to share secret keys among all the group members which may cause single point of failure. To address this problem, in this work we propose a hybrid routing approach, which embeds the onion mix-net with hop-by-hop routing to increase routing resilience. Furthermore, we propose the threshold hybrid routing to achieve better key management and avoid single point of failure. As for experimental evaluations, we conduct quantitative analysis of the resilience and realize a local T-hybrid routing prototype to test performance. The experimental results show that our proposed routing strategy increases routing resilience effectively, at the expense of acceptable latency.
Cloud-assisted Internet of Vehicles (IoV)which merges the advantages of both cloud computing and Internet of Things that can provide numerous online services, and bring lots of benefits and conveniences to the connected vehicles. However, the security and privacy issues such as confidentiality, access control and driver privacy may prevent it from being widely utilized for message dissemination. Existing attribute-based message encryption schemes still bring high computational cost to the lightweight vehicles. In this paper, we introduce a secure and privacy-preserving dissemination scheme for warning message in cloud-assisted IoV. Firstly, we adopt attribute-based encryption to protect the disseminated warning message, and present a verifiable encryption and decryption outsourcing construction to reduce the computational overhead on vehicles. Secondly, we present a conditional privacy preservation mechanism which utilizes anonymous identity-based signature technique to ensure anonymous vehicle authentication and message integrity checking, and also allows the trusted authority to trace the real identity of malicious vehicle. We further achieve batch verification to improve the authentication efficiency. The analysis indicate that our scheme gains more security properties and reduces the computational overhead on the vehicles.