Biblio

Virtual worlds was becoming increasingly popular in a variety of fields, including education, business, space exploration, and video games. Establishing the security of virtual worlds was becoming more critical as they become more widely used. Virtual users were identified using a behavioral biometric system. Improve the system's ability to identify objects by fusing scores from multiple sources. Identification was based on a review of user interactions in virtual environments and a comparison with previous recordings in the database. For behavioral biometric systems like the one described, it appears that score-level biometric fusion was a promising tool for improving system performance. As virtual worlds become more immersive, more people will want to participate in them, and more people will want to be able to interact with each other. Each region of the Meta-verse was given a glimpse of the current state of affairs and the trends to come. As hardware performance and institutional and public interest continue to improve, the Meta-verse's development is hampered by limitations like computational method limits and a lack of realized collaboration between virtual world stakeholders and developers alike. A major goal of the proposed research was to verify the accuracy of the biometric system to enhance the security in virtual world. In this study, the precision of the proposed work was compared to that of previous work.

This work presents a system which allows image data and extracted features from a real-world location to be captured and modelled in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment combined with Augmented Situated Visualizations (ASV) overlaid and registered in a virtual environment. Combining these technologies with techniques from Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI)(such as image analysis and 3D reconstruction) allows the creation of a setting where remote locations can be modelled and interacted with from anywhere in the world. This Enhanced Photorealistic Immersive (EPI) system is highly adaptable to a wide range of use cases and users as it can be utilized to model and interact with any environment which can be captured as image data (such as training for operation in hazardous environments, accessibility solutions for exploration of historical/tourism locations and collaborative learning environments). A use case example focused on a structural examination of railway tunnels along with a pilot study is presented, which can demonstrate the usefulness of the EPI system.

Network security is of vital importance, and Information Technology admins must always be vigilant. But they often lack the expertise and skills required to harden the network properly, in with the emergence of security threats. The router plays a significant role in maintaining operational security for an organization. When it comes to information security, information security professionals mainly focus on protecting items such as firewalls, virtual private networks, etc. Routers are the foundation of any network's communication method, which means all the network information passes through the routers, making them a desirable target. The proposed automation of the router security hardening solution will immediately improve the security of routers and ensure that they are updated and hardened with minimal human intervention and configuration changes. This is specially focused on small and medium-sized organizations lacking workforce and expertise on network security and will help secure the routers with less time consumption, cost, and increased efficiency. The solution consists of four primary functions, initial configuration, vulnerability fixing, compliance auditing, and rollback. These focus on all aspects of router security in a network, from its configuration when it is initially connected to the network to checking its compliance errors, continuously monitoring the vulnerabilities that need to be fixed, and ensuring that the behavior of the devices is stable and shows no abnormalities when it comes to configuration changes.

A common way to detect malware attacks and avoid their destructive impact on a system is the use of virtual machines; A.K.A sandboxing. Attackers, on the other hand, strive to detect sandboxes when their software is running under such a virtual environment. Accordingly, they postpone launching any attack (Malware) as long as operating under such an execution environment. Thus, it is common among malware developers to utilize different sandbox detection techniques (sometimes referred to as Anti-VM or Anti-Virtualization techniques). In this paper, we present novel, side-channel-based techniques to detect sandboxes. We show that it is possible to detect even sandboxes that were properly configured and so far considered to be detection-proof. This paper proposes and implements the first attack which leverage side channels leakage between sibling logical cores to determine the execution environment.

Malware such as metamorphic virus changes its codes and it cannot be detected by pattern matching. Such malware can be detected by surface analysis, dynamic analysis or static analysis. We focused on surface analysis since neither virtual environments nor high level engineering is required. A representative method in surface analysis is n-gram with machine learning. On the other hand, important features are sometimes cut off by n-gram since n is not variable in some existing methods. Hence, scores of malware detection methods are not perfect. Moreover, creating n-gram features takes long time for comparing files. Furthermore, in some n-gram methods, invisible malware can be created when the methods are known to attackers. Therefore, we proposed a new malware subspecies detection method by suffix arrays and machine learning. We evaluated the method with four real malware subspecies families and succeeded to classify them with almost 100% accuracy.

In this paper, we discuss the development of the IoT security exercise content and the implementation of it to the CyExec. While the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more popular, vulnerability countermeasures are insufficient, and many incidents have occurred. It is because there is insufficient protection against vulnerabilities specific to IoT equipment. Also, the developers and users have low awareness of IoT devices against vulnerabilities from the past. Therefore, the importance of security education on IoT devices is increasing. However, the enormous burden of introduction and operation costs limited the use of commercial cybersecurity exercise systems. CyExec (Cyber Security Exercise System), consisting of a virtual environment using VirtualBox and Docker, is a low-cost and flexible cybersecurity exercise system, which we have proposed for the dissemination of security education. And the content of the exercises for CyExec is composed of the Basic exercises and Applied exercises.

With each Windows operating system Microsoft introduces new features to its users. Newly added features present a challenge to digital forensics examiners as they are not analyzed or tested enough. One of the latest features, introduced in Windows 10 version 1909 is Windows Sandbox; a lightweight, temporary, environment for running untrusted applications. Because of the temporary nature of the Sandbox and insufficient documentation, digital forensic examiners are facing new challenges when examining this newly added feature which can be used to hide different illegal activities. Throughout this paper, the focus will be on analyzing different Windows artifacts and event logs, with various tools, left behind as a result of the user interaction with the Sandbox feature on a clear virtual environment. Additionally, the setup of testing environment will be explained, the results of testing and interpretation of the findings will be presented, as well as open-source tools used for the analysis.

Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are widely used in critical infrastructure around the world to provide services that sustain peoples' livelihoods and economic operations. However, compared with the critical infrastructure, the security of the ICS itself is still insufficient, and there will be a degree of damage, if it is attacked or invaded. In the past, an ICS was designed to operate in a traditional closed network, so the industrial equipment and transmission protocol lacked security verification. In addition, an ICS has high availability requirements, so that its equipment is rarely replaced and upgraded. Although many scholars have proposed the defense mechanism that is applicable to ICS in the past, there is still a lack of tested means to verify these defense technologies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the security of a system using the Modbus transmission protocol in an ICS, to establish a modular security test system based on four types of attacks that have been identified in the past literature, namely, a detection attack, a command injection attack, a response injection attack and a denial of service, to implement the attack results and to display the process in the virtual environment of Conpot and Rapid SCADA, and finally, to adopt the ICS security standards mentioned by previous scholars, namely, confidentiality, integrity and availability, as the performance evaluation criteria of this study.

The paper provides an analysis of the performance of an administrative component that helps the hypervisor to manage the resources of guest operating systems under fluctuation workload. The additional administrative component provides an extra layer of security to the guest operating systems and system as a whole. In this study, an administrative component was implemented by using Xen-hypervisor based para-virtualization technique and assigned some additional roles and responsibilities that reduce hypervisor workload. The study measured the resource utilizations of an administrative component when excessive input/output load passes passing through the system. Performance was measured in terms of bandwidth and CPU utilisation Based on the analysis of administrative component performance recommendations have been provided with the goal to improve system availability. Recommendations included detection of the performance saturation point that indicates the necessity to start load balancing procedures for the administrative component in the virtualized environment.

This work presents the design and implementation of a large curved display system in a virtual reality (VR) environment that supports visualization of 2D datasets (e.g., images, buttons and text). By using this system, users are allowed to interact with data in front of a wide field of view and gain a high level of perceived immersion. We exhibit two use cases of this system, including (1) a virtual image wall as the display component of a 3D user interface, and (2) an inventory interface for a VR-based educational game. The use cases demonstrate capability and flexibility of curved displays in supporting varied purposes of data interaction within virtual environments.

With the ever so growing boundaries for security in the cloud, it is necessary to develop ways to prevent from total cloud server failure. In this paper, we try to design a Game Strategy Block that sets up rules for security based on a tower defence game to secure the hypervisor from potential threats. We also try to define a utility function named the Virtual Machine Vitality Measure (VMVM) that could enlighten on the status of the virtual machines on the virtual environment.

Several years ago, virtualization technologies, hypervisors were rediscovered, today virtualization is used in a variety of applications. Network operators have discovered the cost-effectiveness, flexibility,, scalability of virtualizing network functions (NFV). However, in light of current events, security breaches related to platform software manipulation the use of Trusted Computing technologies has become not only more popular but increasingly viewed as mandatory for adequate system protection. While Trusted Computing hardware for physical platforms is currently available, widely used, analogous support for virtualized environments, virtualized platforms is rare, not suitable for larger scale virtualization scenarios. Current remote, deep attestation protocols for virtual machines can support a limited amount of virtual machines before the inefficient use of the TPM device becomes a crucial bottle neck. We propose a scalable remote attestation scheme suitable for private cloud, NFV use cases supporting large amounts of VM attestations by efficient use of the physical TPM device.