Biblio

Smart grid consists of smart devices to control, record and analyze the grid power flow. All these devices belong to the latest technology, which is used to interact through the wireless network making the grid communication network vulnerable to cyber attack. This paper deals with a novel approach using altering the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the smart grid communication network using fuzzy logic according to the degree of node. Through graph theory approach Wireless Communication Network (WCN) is designed by considering each node of the system as a smart sensor. In this each node communicates with other nearby nodes for exchange of data. Whenever there is cyber intrusion the WCN change its IP using proposed fuzzy rules, where higher degree nodes are given the preference to change first with extreme IP available in the system. Using the proposed algorithm, different IEEE test systems are simulated and compared with existing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The fuzzy logic approach reduces the data loss and improves the system response time.

A Cyber Physical Sensor System (CPSS) consists of a computing platform equipped with wireless access points, sensors, and actuators. In a Cyber Physical System, CPSS constantly collects data from a physical object that is under process and performs local real-time control activities based on the process algorithm. The collected data is then transmitted through the network layer to the enterprise command and control center or to the cloud computing services for further processing and analysis. This paper investigates the CPSS' most common cyber security threats and vulnerabilities and provides countermeasures. Furthermore, the paper addresses how the CPSS are attacked, what are the leading consequences of the attacks, and the possible remedies to prevent them. Detailed case studies are presented to help the readers understand the CPSS threats, vulnerabilities, and possible solutions.

In smart factories and smart homes, devices such as smart sensors are connected to the Internet. Independent of the context in which such a smart sensor is deployed, the possibility to change its configuration parameters in a secure way is essential. Existing solutions do provide only minimal security or do not allow to transfer arbitrary configuration data. In this paper, we present an NFC- and QR-code based configuration interface for smart sensors which improves the security and practicability of the configuration altering process while introducing as little overhead as possible. We present a protocol for configuration as well as a hardware extension including a dedicated security controller (SC) for smart sensors. For customers, no additional hardware other than a commercially available smartphone will be necessary which makes the proposed approach highly applicable for smart factory and smart home contexts alike.

Summary form only given. Strong light-matter coupling has been recently successfully explored in the GHz and THz [1] range with on-chip platforms. New and intriguing quantum optical phenomena have been predicted in the ultrastrong coupling regime [2], when the coupling strength Ω becomes comparable to the unperturbed frequency of the system ω. We recently proposed a new experimental platform where we couple the inter-Landau level transition of an high-mobility 2DEG to the highly subwavelength photonic mode of an LC meta-atom [3] showing very large Ω/ωc = 0.87. Our system benefits from the collective enhancement of the light-matter coupling which comes from the scaling of the coupling Ω ∝ √n, were n is the number of optically active electrons. In our previous experiments [3] and in literature [4] this number varies from 104-103 electrons per meta-atom. We now engineer a new cavity, resonant at 290 GHz, with an extremely reduced effective mode surface Seff = 4 × 10-14 m2 (FE simulations, CST), yielding large field enhancements above 1500 and allowing to enter the few (\textbackslashtextless;100) electron regime. It consist of a complementary metasurface with two very sharp metallic tips separated by a 60 nm gap (Fig.1(a, b)) on top of a single triangular quantum well. THz-TDS transmission experiments as a function of the applied magnetic field reveal strong anticrossing of the cavity mode with linear cyclotron dispersion. Measurements for arrays of only 12 cavities are reported in Fig.1(c). On the top horizontal axis we report the number of electrons occupying the topmost Landau level as a function of the magnetic field. At the anticrossing field of B=0.73 T we measure approximately 60 electrons ultra strongly coupled (Ω/ω- \textbackslashtextbar\textbackslashtextbar