Biblio

In this paper, we quantify elements representing video features and we propose the bitrate prediction of compressed encoding video using deep learning. Particularly, to overcome disadvantage that we cannot predict bitrate of compression video by using Constant Rate Factor (CRF), we use deep learning. We can find element of video feature with relationship of bitrate when we compress the video, and we can confirm its possibility to find relationship through various deep learning techniques.

In this work we propose a novel deep learning approach for ultra-low bitrate video compression for video conferencing applications. To address the shortcomings of current video compression paradigms when the available bandwidth is extremely limited, we adopt a model-based approach that employs deep neural networks to encode motion information as keypoint displacement and reconstruct the video signal at the decoder side. The overall system is trained in an end-to-end fashion minimizing a reconstruction error on the encoder output. Objective and subjective quality evaluation experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an average bitrate reduction for the same visual quality of more than 60% compared to HEVC.

The expanding streaming culture of large amounts of data, as well as the requirement for faster and more reliable data transport systems, necessitates the development of innovative communication technologies such as Visible Light Communication (VLC). Nonetheless, incorporating VLC into next-generation networks is challenging due to technological restrictions such as air absorption, shadowing, and beam dispersion. One technique for addressing some of the challenges is to use the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique, which involves the simultaneous transmission of data from several sources, hence increasing data rate. In this work, the data transmission performance of the MIMO-VLC system is evaluated using a variety of factors such as distance from the source, data bit rate, and modulation method.

In this paper, we investigate a networked control problem in the presence of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, which prevent transmissions over the communication network. The communication between the process and controller is also subject to bit rate constraints. For mitigating the influences of DoS attacks and bit rate constraints, we develop a variable bit rate (VBR) encoding-decoding protocol and quantized controller to stabilize the control system. We show that the system’s resilience against DoS under VBR is preserved comparing with those under constant bit rate (CBR) quantized control, with fewer bits transmitted especially when the attack levels are low. The proposed VBR quantized control framework in this paper is general enough such that the results of CBR quantized control under DoS and moreover the results of minimum bit rate in the absence of DoS can be recovered.

In this paper, we propose a numerical simulation investigation of the wavelength division multiplexing mechanism between a chaotic secure channel and a traditional fiber channel using the advanced modulation method DP-16QAM at the bitrate of 80Gbps, the fiber length of 80 km and 100 GHz channel spacing in C-band. Our paper investigates correlation coefficients between the transmitter and also the receiver for two forms of communication channels. Our simulation results demonstrate that, in all cases, BER is always below 2.10-4 even when we have not used the forward-error-correction method. Besides, cross-interaction between the chaotic channel and also the non-chaotic channel is negligible showing a highly independent level between two channels.

Visible light communications (VLC) have been the focus of many recent investigations due to its potential for transmitting data at a higher bitrate than conventional communication systems. Alongside the advantages of being energy efficient through the use of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), it is imperative that these systems also take in consideration privacy and security measures available. This work highlights the technical aspects of a typical 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) VLC system incorporating an enhanced privacy feature using an hyperchaotic map to scramble the symbols. The results obtained in this study showed a low dispersion symbol constellation while communicating at 100 Baud and with a 1 m link. Using the measured EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) of the constellation, the BER (Bit Error Rate) of this system was estimated to be bellow 10−12 which is lower than the threshold limit of 3.8.10−3 that corresponds to the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD- FEC) for optimal transmission, showing that this technique can be implemented with higher bitrates and with a higher modulation index.

True random number generators (TRNG) are widely used to generate encryption keys in information security systems [1]–[2]. In TRNG, entropy source is a critical module who provides the source of randomness of output bit stream. The unavoidable electrical noise in circuit becomes an ideal entropy source due to its unpredictability. Among the methods of capturing electrical noise, ring oscillator-based entropy source makes the TRNG most robust to deterministic noise and 1/f noise which means the strongest anti-interference capability, so it is simple in structure and easy to integrate [3]. Thus, great research attention has focused on ring oscillator-based TRNGs [3] –[7]. In [4], a high-speed TRNG with 100Mbps output bit rate was proposed, but it took up too much power and area. A TRNG based on tetrahedral ring oscillator was proposed in [5]. Its power consumption was very low but the output bit rate was also very low. A ring oscillator-based TRNG with low output bit rate but high power was proposed in [7]. In a word, none of the above architectures achieve an appropriate compromise between bit rate and power consumption. This work presents a new feedback architecture of TRNG based on tetrahedral ring oscillator. The output random bit stream generates a relative random control voltage that acts on the transmission gates in oscillator through a feedback loop, thus increasing phase jitter of the oscillator and improving output bit rate. Furthermore, an XOR chain-based post-processing unit is added to eliminate the statistical deviations and correlations between raw bits.

Random number generators (RNGs) has an extensive application area from cryptography to simulation software. Piecewise linear one-dimensional (PL1D) maps are commonly preferred structures used as the basis of RNGs due to their theoretically proven chaotic behavior and ease of implementation. In this work, a skew-tent map based RNG is designed by using the chaotic sampling method in TSMC 180 nm CMOS process. Simulation data of the designed RNG is validated by the statistical randomness tests of the FIPS-140-2 and NIST 800-22 suites. The proposed RNG has three key features: the generated bitstreams can fulfill the randomness tests without using any post processing methods; the proposed RNG has immunity against external interference thanks to the chaotic sampling method; and higher bitrates (4.8 Mbit/s) can be achieved with relatively low power consumption (9.8 mW). Thus, robust RNG systems can be built for high-speed security applications with low power by using the proposed architecture.

The extremely rapid development of the Internet of Things brings growing attention to the information security issue. Realization of cryptographically strong pseudo random number generators (PRNGs), is crucial in securing sensitive data. They play an important role in cryptography and in network security applications. In this paper, we realize a comparative study of two pseudo chaotic number generators (PCNGs). The First pseudo chaotic number generator (PCNG1) is based on two nonlinear recursive filters of order one using a Skew Tent map (STmap) and a Piece-Wise Linear Chaotic map (PWLCmap) as non linear functions. The second pseudo chaotic number generator (PCNG2) consists of four coupled chaotic maps, namely: PWLCmaps, STmap, Logistic map by means a binary diffusion matrix [D]. A comparative analysis of the performance in terms of computation time (Generation time, Bit rate and Number of needed cycles to generate one byte) and security of the two PCNGs is carried out.

Traffic from mobile wireless networks has been growing at a fast pace in recent years and is expected to surpass wired traffic very soon. Service providers face significant challenges at such scales including providing seamless mobility, efficient data delivery, security, and provisioning capacity at the wireless edge. In the Mobility First project, we have been exploring clean slate enhancements to the network protocols that can inherently provide support for at-scale mobility and trustworthiness in the Internet. An extensible data plane using pluggable compute-layer services is a key component of this architecture. We believe these extensions can be used to implement in-network services to enhance mobile end-user experience by either off-loading work and/or traffic from mobile devices, or by enabling en-route service-adaptation through context-awareness (e.g., Knowing contemporary access bandwidth). In this work we present details of the architectural support for in-network services within Mobility First, and propose protocol and service-API extensions to flexibly address these pluggable services from end-points. As a demonstrative example, we implement an in network service that does rate adaptation when delivering video streams to mobile devices that experience variable connection quality. We present details of our deployment and evaluation of the non-IP protocols along with compute-layer extensions on the GENI test bed, where we used a set of programmable nodes across 7 distributed sites to configure a Mobility First network with hosts, routers, and in-network compute services.