hybrid energy storage system
                                                                                                        
                                                                								
                                
								
                                                                
                                    
                                  
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 Abstract: 
Recent progress in battery technology has made it possible to use batteries to power various physical platforms, such as ground/air/water vehicles. These platforms require hundreds/thousands of battery cells to meet their power and energy needs. Of these, automobiles, locomotives, and unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) face the most stringent environmental challenges.