Systems where control loops are closed through a real-time network.
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An important area of cyber-physical systems research is the development of smart ground transportation systems due to their potentially significant impact on safety, the economy, and the environment. While technologies for smart transportation systems have advanced significantly over the last decade, there remain several challenges for the development of transportation systems that are collision free.
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Effective engineering of complex devices often depends on the ability to encapsulate responsibility for tasks into modular components with specific responsibilities and clearly defined lines of communication. Under such conditions, one can determine what components or lines of communication are at fault for poor system performance because the system can be checked against modularized model specifications.
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Despite their importance within the energy sector, buildings have not kept pace with technological improvements and particularly the evolution of intelligent features. A primary obstacle in enabling intelligent buildings is their highly distributed and diverse nature.
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When mechanical linkages are replaced by electronic communication and control systems, certain undesirable phenomena can arise that may be difficult to anticipate. In simple cases the lack of dissipativity in the cyber link unmasks instabilities that were present but suppressed in the system with a mechanical (physical) link. In more complex cases, there may be no simple physical equivalent to the system containing the cyber link, and a damping coefficient or dissipative element may not be identifiable.
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Transforming the traditional, single-vehicle-based safety and efficiency control, next-generation vehicles are expected to form platoons for optimizing roadway usage and fuel efficiency while ensuring transportation safety. Two basic enablers of vehicle platooning are vehicular wireless networking and platoon control.
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Control networks are wireless substrates for industrial automation control, such as the WirelessHART and ISA100.11.a, and have fundamental differences over their sensor network counterparts as they also include actuation and the physical dynamics. Consequently, these system are fundamentally constrained by the tight coupling, and closed-loop control and actuation of physical processes.
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The purpose of this grant was to develop clothing-like material with embedded sensors and synthetic muscles. When eventually worn by brain-injured individuals over one or more limbs, this clothing may be used to restore their capability for independent mobility. The material, called a "second skin", is a cyberphysical system designed as a soft robot that cooperates with the biological muscles of the body.
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Although coastal waters play a crucial part in the ecosystem and economy, detailed monitoring of these areas has been difficult. This multi-institutional project presents a novel technology, where a large number of autonomous underwater vehicles organize themselves as a swarm, forming a dense four-dimensional spatio-temporal sampling system.
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The project aims to establish a Cyber-Physical Infrastructure for urban environments and address fundamental problems that involve data collection, resource allocation, real-time decision making, safety, and security.
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We are developing advanced distributed monitoring and control systems for civil infrastructure. The approach employs cyber-physical co-design of wireless sensor-actuator networks and structural monitoring and control algorithms. The unified cyber-physical system architecture provides reusable middleware services for developing hierarchical structural monitoring and control systems.
