Biblio

E- Health systems, specifically, Telecare Medical Information Systems (TMIS), are deployed in order to provide patients with specific diseases with healthcare services that are usually based on remote monitoring. Therefore, making an efficient, convenient and secure connection between users and medical servers over insecure channels within medical services is a rather major issue. In this context, because of the biometrics' characteristics, many biometrics-based three factor user authentication schemes have been proposed in the literature to secure user/server communication within medical services. In this paper, we make a brief study of the most interesting proposals. Then, we propose a new three-factor authentication and key agreement scheme for TMIS. Our scheme tends not only to fix the security drawbacks of some studied related work, but also, offers additional significant features while minimizing resource consumption. In addition, we perform a formal verification using the widely accepted formal security verification tool AVISPA to demonstrate that our proposed scheme is secure. Also, our comparative performance analysis reveals that our proposed scheme provides a lower resource consumption compared to other related work's proposals.

The internet of things (IoT) is consisting of many complementary elements which have their own specificities and capacities. These elements are gaining new application and use cases in our lives. Nevertheless, they open a negative horizon of security and privacy issues which must be treated delicately before the deployment of any IoT. Recently, different works emerged dealing with the same branch of issues, like the work of Yuwen Chen et al. that is called LightPriAuth. LightPriAuth has several drawbacks and weakness against various popular attacks such as Insider attack and stolen smart card. Our objective in this paper is to propose a novel solution which is “authentication scheme with three factor using ECC and fuzzy extractor” to ensure security and privacy. The obtained results had proven the superiority of our scheme's performances compared to that of LightPriAuth which, additionally, had defeated the weaknesses left by LightPriAuth.

Management of flow of all kinds of objects including human beings signifies their real time monitoring. This paper outlines the advantages accrued out of biometrics integration with Smartcards. It showcases the identity authentication employed through different biometric techniques. Biometric key considerations influencing the essence of this technology in Smartcards have been discussed briefly in this paper. With better accuracy and highly reliable support system this technology finds itself today in widespread deployment. However, there are still some concerns with human interfaces along with important factors in implementations of biometrics with smartcards which have been highlighted in this article. This paper also examines the privacy concerns of users in addressing their apprehensions to protect their confidentiality through biometric encryption and proposes DNA technology as a best possible biometric solution. However, due to inherent limitations of its processing time and an instant requirement of authentication, it has been suggested in the proposed modal to use it with combination of one or more suitable biometric technologies. An instant access has been proposed to the user with limited rights by using biometric technology other than the DNA as a primary source of authentication. DNA has been proposed as secondary source of authentication where only after due sample comparison full access rights to the user will be granted. This paper also aims in highlighting the number of advantages offered by the integration of biometrics with smartcards. It also discusses the need to tackle existing challenges due to restrictions in processing of different biometric technologies by defining certain specific future scopes for improvements in existing biometric technologies mainly against the time taken by it for sample comparisons.

In order to develop a `common session secret key' though the insecure channel, cryptographic Key Agreement Protocol plays a major role. Many researchers' cryptographic protocol uses smart card as a medium to store transaction secret values. The tampered resistance property of smart card is unable to defend the secret values from side channel attacks. It means a lost smart card is an easy target for any attacker. Though password authentication helps the protocol to give secrecy but on-line as well as off-line password guessing attack can make the protocol vulnerable. The concerned paper manifested key agreement protocol based on three party authenticated key agreement protocol to defend all password related attacks. The security analysis of our paper has proven that the accurate guess of the password of a legitimate user will not help the adversary to generate a common session key.

Emergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has facilitated its users to access electronic services through open channel like Internet. This approach of digital communication has its specific security lapses, which should be addressed properly to ensure Privacy, Integrity, Non-repudiation and Authentication (PINA) of information. During message communication, intruders may mount infringement attempts to compromise the communication. The situation becomes critical, if an user is identified by multiple identification numbers, as in that case, intruder have a wide window open to use any of its identification number to fulfill its ill intentions. To resolve this issue, author have proposed a single window based cloud service delivery model, where a smart card serves as a single interface to access multifaceted electronic services like banking, healthcare, employment, etc. To detect and prevent unauthorized access, in this paper, authors have focused on the intrusion detection system of the cloud service model during cloud banking transaction.

In the distributed Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, sensors collect data from vehicles, home appliances and office equipment and other environments. Various objects contain the sensor which process data, cooperate and exchange information with other embedded devices and end users in a distributed network. It is important to provide end-to-end communication security and an authentication system to guarantee the security and reliability of the data in such a distributed system. Two-factor authentication is a solution to improve the security level of password-based authentication processes and immunized the system against many attacks. At the same time, the computational and storage overhead of an authentication method also needs to be considered in IoT scenarios. For this reason, many cryptographic schemes are designed especially for the IoT; however, we observe a lack of laboratory hardware test beds and modules, and universal authentication hardware modules. This paper proposes a design and analysis for a hardware module in the IoT which allows the use of two-factor authentication based on smart cards, while taking into consideration the limited processing power and energy reserves of nodes, as well as designing the system with scalability in mind.

Smart Card has complications with validation and transmission process. Therefore, by using peeping attack, the secret code was stolen and secret filming while entering Personal Identification Number at the ATM machine. We intend to develop an authentication system to banks that protects the asset of user's. The data of a user is to be ensured that secure and isolated from the data leakage and other attacks Therefore, we propose a system, where ATM machine will have a QR code in which the information's are encrypted corresponding to the ATM machine and a mobile application in the customer's mobile which will decrypt the encoded QR information and sends the information to the server and user's details are displayed in the ATM machine and transaction can be done. Now, the user securely enters information to transfer money without risk of peeping attack in Automated Teller Machine by just scanning the QR code at the ATM by mobile application. Here, both the encryption and decryption technique are carried out by using Triple DES Algorithm (Data Encryption Standard).

In today's growing concern for home security, we have developed an advanced security system using integrated digital signature and DNA cryptography. The digital signature is formed using multi-feature biometric traits which includes both fingerprint as well as iris image. We further increase the security by using DNA cryptography which is embedded on a smart card. In order to prevent unauthorized access manually or digitally, we use geo-detection which compares the unregistered devices location with the user's location using any of their personal devices such as smart phone or tab.

Data sharing is a significant functionality in cloud storage. These cloud storage provider are answerable for keeping the data obtainable and available in addition to the physical environment protected and running. Here we can securely, efficiently, and flexibly share data with others in cloud storage. A new public-key cryptosystems is planned which create constant-size cipher texts such that efficient allocation of decryption rights for any set of cipher texts are achievable. The uniqueness means that one can aggregate any set of secret keys and make them as packed in as a single key, but encircling the power of all the keys being aggregated. This packed in aggregate key can be easily sent to others or be stored in a smart card with very restricted secure storage. In KAC, users encrypt a file with single key, that means every file have each file, also there will be aggregate keys for two or more files, which formed by using the tree structure. Through this, the user can share more files with a single key at a time.

In multi-server environments, remote user authentication is an extremely important issue because it provides authorization while users access their data and services. Moreover, the remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environment has resolved the problem of users needing to manage their different identities and passwords. For this reason, many user authentication schemes for multi-server environments have been proposed in recent years. In 2015, Lu et al. improved Mishra et al.'s scheme, and claimed that their scheme is a more secure and practical remote user authentication for multi-server environments. However, we found that Lu et al.'s scheme is actually insecure and incorrect. In this paper, we demonstrate that their scheme is vulnerable to outsider attack, user forgery attack. We then propose a new biometrics and smart card-based authentication scheme. Finally, we show that our proposed scheme is more secure and supports security properties.

Physical perturbations are performed against embedded systems that can contain valuable data. Such devices and in particular smart cards are targeted because potential attackers hold them. The embedded system security must hold against intentional hardware failures that can result in software errors. In a malicious purpose, an attacker could exploit such errors to find out secret data or disrupt a transaction. Simulation techniques help to point out fault injection vulnerabilities and come at an early stage in the development process. This paper proposes a generic fault injection simulation tool that has the particularity to embed the injection mechanism into the smart card source code. By its embedded nature, the Embedded Fault Simulator (EFS) allows us to perform fault injection simulations and side-channel analyses simultaneously. It makes it possible to achieve combined attacks, multiple fault attacks and to perform backward analyses. We appraise our approach on real, modern and complex smart card systems under data and control flow fault models. We illustrate the EFS capacities by performing a practical combined attack on an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) implementation.

Remote user authentication using smart cards is a method of verifying the legitimacy of remote users accessing the server through insecure channel, by using smart cards to increase the efficiency of the system. During last couple of years many protocols to authenticate remote users using smart cards have been proposed. But unfortunately, most of them are proved to be unsecure against various attacks. Recently this year, Yung-Cheng Lee improved Shin et al.'s protocol and claimed that their protocol is more secure. In this article, we have shown that Yung-Cheng-Lee's protocol too has defects. It does not provide user anonymity; it is vulnerable to Denial-of-Service attack, Session key reveal, user impersonation attack, Server impersonation attack and insider attacks. Further it is not efficient in password change phase since it requires communication with server and uses verification table.
 

In this paper, we propose a remote password authentication scheme based on 3-D geometry with biometric value of a user. It is simple and practically useful and also a legal user can freely choose and change his password using smart card that contains some information. The security of the system depends on the points on the diagonal of a cuboid in 3D environment. Using biometric value makes the points more secure because the characteristics of the body parts cannot be copied or stolen.
 

User authentication is an important security mechanism that allows mobile users to be granted access to roaming service offered by the foreign agent with assistance of the home agent in mobile networks. While security-related issues have been well studied, how to preserve user privacy in this type of protocols still remains an open problem. In this paper, we revisit the privacy-preserving two-factor authentication scheme presented by Li et al. at WCNC 2013. We show that, despite being armed with a formal security proof, this scheme actually cannot achieve the claimed feature of user anonymity and is insecure against offline password guessing attacks, and thus, it is not recommended for practical applications. Then, we figure out how to fix these identified drawbacks, and suggest an enhanced scheme with better security and reasonable efficiency. Further, we conjecture that under the non-tamper-resistant assumption of the smart cards, only symmetric-key techniques are intrinsically insufficient to attain user anonymity.