Biblio

Firewalls are security devices that perform network traffic filtering. They are ubiquitous in the industry and are a common method used to enforce organizational security policy. Security policy is specified on a high level of abstraction, with statements such as "web browsing is allowed only on workstations inside the office network", and needs to be translated into low-level firewall rules to be enforceable. There has been a lot of work regarding optimization, analysis and platform independence of firewall rules, but an area that has seen much less success is automatic translation of high-level security policies into firewall rules. In addition to improving rules’ readability, such translation would make it easier to detect errors.This paper surveys of over twenty papers that aim to generate firewall rules according to a security policy specified on a higher level of abstraction. It also presents an overview of similar features in modern firewall systems. Most approaches define specialized domain languages that get compiled into firewall rule sets, with some of them relying on formal specification, ontology, or graphical models. The approaches’ have improved over time, but there are still many drawbacks that need to be solved before wider application.

In the big data cloud computing environment, data security issues have become a focus of attention. This paper delivers an overview of conceptions, characteristics and advanced technologies for big data cloud computing. Security issues of data quality and privacy control are elaborated pertaining to data access, data isolation, data integrity, data destruction, data transmission and data sharing. Eventually, a virtualization architecture and related strategies are proposed to against threats and enhance the data security in big data cloud environment.

Nowadays security of shared resources and big data is an important and critical issue. With the growth of information technology and social networks, data and resources are shared in the distributed environment such as cloud and fog computing. Various access control models protect the shared resources from unauthorized users or malicious intruders. Despite the attribute-based access control model that meets the complex security requirement of todays' new computing technologies, considerable anomalies and conflicts in ABAC policies affect the efficiency of the security system. One important and toughest task is policy validation thus to detect and eliminate anomalies and conflicts in policies. Though the previous researches identified anomalies, failed to detect and analyze all considerable anomalies that results vulnerable to hacks and attacks. The primary objective of this paper is to study and analyze the possible anomalies and conflicts in ABAC security policies. We have discussed and analyzed considerable conflicts in policies based on previous researches. This paper can provide a detailed review of anomalies and conflicts in security policies.

Firewall is the first defense line for network security. Packet filtering is a basic function in firewall, which filter network packets according to a series of rules called firewall policy. The design of firewall policy is invariably under the instruction of security policy, which is a generic guideline that lists the needs for network access permissions. The design of firewall policy should observe the regulations of security policy. However, even for IPv4 firewall policy, it is extremely difficult to keep the consistency between security policy and firewall policy. Some consistency decision methods of security policy and IPv4 firewall policy were proposed. However, the address space of IPv6 address is a very large, the existing consistency decision methods can not be directly used to deal with IPv6 firewall policy. To resolve the above problem, in this paper, we use a formal technique to decide the consistency between IPv6 firewall policy and security policy effectively and rapidly. We also developed a prototype model and evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The problem of optimizing the security policy for the composite information system is formulated. Subject-object model for information system is used. Combining different types of security policies is formalized. The target function for the optimization task is recorded. The optimization problem for combining two discretionary security policies is solved. The case of combining two mandatory security policies is studied. The main problems of optimization the composite security policy are formulated. +50 CHMBOJIOB‼!

Aiming at the requirements of network access control, illegal outreach control, identity authentication, security monitoring and application system access control of information network, an integrated network access and behavior control model based on security policy is established. In this model, the network access and behavior management control process is implemented through abstract policy configuration, network device and application server, so that management has device-independent abstraction, and management simplification, flexibility and automation are improved. On this basis, a general framework of policy-based access and behavior management control is established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the method of device connection, data drive and fusion based on policy-based network access and behavior management control.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a promising network architecture that aims at providing high flexibility through the separation between network logic (control plane) and forwarding functions (data plane). This separation provides logical centralization of controllers, global network overview, ease of programmability, and a range of new SDN-compliant services. In recent years, the adoption of SDN in enterprise networks has been constantly increasing. In the meantime, new challenges arise in different levels such as scalability, management, and security. In this paper, we elaborate on complex security issues in the current SDN architecture. Especially, reconnaissance attack where attackers generate traffic for the goal of exploring existing services, assets, and overall network topology. To eliminate reconnaissance attack in SDN environment, we propose SDN-based solution by utilizing distributed firewall application, security policy, and OpenFlow counters. Distributed firewall application is capable of tracking the flow based on pre-defined states that would monitor the connection to sensitive nodes toward malicious activity. We utilize Mininet to simulate the testing environment. We are able to detect and mitigate this type of attack at early stage and in average around 7 second.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly controlling and connecting thousands of devices every day. The increased number of interconnected devices increase the network traffic leading to energy and Quality of Service efficiency problems of the IoT network. Therefore, IoT platforms and networks are susceptible to failures and attacks that have significant economic and security consequences. In this regard, implementing effective secure IoT platforms and networks are valuable for both the industry and society. In this paper, we propose two frameworks that aim to verify a number of security policies related to runtime information of the network and dynamic flow routing paths, respectively. The underlying rationale is to allow the operator of an IoT network in order to have an overall control of the network and to define different policies based on the demands of the network and the use cases (e.g., achieving more secure or faster network).

Today, Smartphone is a necessary device for people connected to the Internet world. But user privacy and security are still playing important roles in the usage of mobile devices. The user was asked to enter related characters, numbers or drawing a simple graphic on the touch screen as passwords for unlocking the screensaver. Although it could provide the user with a simple and convenient security authentication mechanism, the process is hard to protect against the privacy information leakage under the strict security policy. Nowadays, various keypad lock screen Apps usually provides different type of schemes in unlocking the mobile device screen, such as simple-customized pattern, swipe-to-unlock with a static image and so on. But the vulnerability could provide a chance to hijacker to find out the leakage of graphic pattern information that influences in user information privacy and security.This paper proposes a new graphic pattern authentication mechanism to enhance the strength of that in the keypad lock screen Apps. It integrates random digital graphics and handwriting graphic input track recognition technologies to provide better and more diverse privacy protection and reduce the risk of vulnerability. The proposed mechanism is based on two factor identification scheme. First of all, it randomly changes digital graphic position based on unique passwords every time to increase the difficulty of the stealer's recording. Second, the input track of handwriting graphics is another identification factor for enhancing the complex strength of user authentication as well.

Security policy is widely used in network management systems to ensure network security. It is necessary to detect and resolve conflicts in security policies. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of existing security policy conflict detection methods and proposes a B+ tree-based security policy conflict detection method. First, the security policy is dimensioned to make each attribute corresponds to one dimension. Then, a layer of B+ tree index is constructed at each dimension level. Each rule will be uniquely mapped by multiple layers of nested indexes. This method can greatly improve the efficiency of conflict detection. The experimental results show that the method has very stable performance which can effectively prevent conflicts, the type of policy conflict can be detected quickly and accurately.

Cloud Management Platforms (CMP) have been developed in recent years to set up cloud computing architecture. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is a cloud-delivered model designed by the provider to gather a set of IT resources which are furnished as services for user Virtual Machine Image (VMI) provisioning and management. Openstack is one of the most useful CMP which has been developed for industry and academic researches to simulate IaaS classical processes such as launch and store user VMI instance. In this paper, the main purpose is to adopt a security policy for a secure launch user VMI across a trust cloud environment founded on a combination of enhanced TPM remote attestation and cryptographic techniques to ensure confidentiality and integrity of user VMI requirements.

Integrating Industrial Control Systems (ICS) with Corporate System (IT) is one of the most important industrial orientations. With recent cybersecurity attacks, the security of integrated ICS systems has become the priority of industrial world. Access control technologies such as firewalls are very important for Integrated ICS (IICS) systems to control communication across different networks to protect valuable resources. However, conventional firewalls are not always fully compatible with Industrial Control Systems. In fact, firewalls can introduce significant latency while ICS systems usually are very demanding in terms of timing requirements. Besides, most of existing firewalls do not support all industrial protocols. This paper proposes a new access control model for integrated ICS systems based on Domain and Type Enforcement (DTE). This new model allows to define and apply enforced access controls with respect of ICS timing requirements. Access controls definition is based on a high level language that can be used by ICS administrators with ease. This paper also proposes an initial generic ruleset based on the ISA95 functional model. This generic ruleset simplifies the deployment of DTE access controls and provides a good introduction to the DTE concepts for administrators.

Verification of security policies represents one of the most critical, complex, and expensive steps of modern SoC design validation. SoC security policies are typically implemented as part of functional design flow, with a diverse set of protection mechanisms sprinkled across various IP blocks. An obvious upshot is that their verification requires comprehension and analysis of the entire system, representing a scalability bottleneck for verification tools. The scale and complexity of industrial SoC is far beyond the analysis capacity of state-of-the-art formal tools; even simulation-based security verification is severely limited in effectiveness because of the need to exercise subtle corner-cases across the entire system. We address this challenge by developing a novel security architecture that accounts for verification needs from the ground up. Our framework, ArtiFact, provides an alternative architecture for security policy implementation that exploits a flexible, centralized, infrastructure IP and enables scalable, streamlined verification of these policies. With our architecture, verification of system-level security policies reduces to analysis of this single IP and its interfaces, enabling off-the-shelf formal tools to successfully verify these policies. We introduce a CAD flow that supports both formal and dynamic (simulation-based) verification, and is built on top of such off-the-shelf tools. Our approach reduces verification time by over 62X and bug detection time by 34X for illustrative policies.

As the technology reliance increases, computer networks are getting bigger and larger and so are threats and attacks. Therefore Network security becomes a major concern during this last decade. Network Security requires a combination of hardware devices and software applications. Namely, Firewalls and IPsec gateways are two technologies that provide network security protection and repose on security policies which are maintained to ensure traffic control and network safety. Nevertheless, security policy misconfigurations and inconsistency between the policy's rules produce errors and conflicts, which are often very hard to detect and consequently cause security holes and compromise the entire system functionality. In This paper, we review the related approaches which have been proposed for security policy management along with surveying the literature for conflicts detection and resolution techniques. This work highlights the advantages and limitations of the proposed solutions for security policy verification in IPsec and Firewalls and gives an overall comparison and classification of the existing approaches.

Cloud computing, cloud security and cloud storage have been gradually introduced into people's life and become hot topicsof research, for which relevant technologies have permeated through the computer industry and relevant industries. With the coming of the modern information society, secure storage of data has been becoming increasingly important. Proceeding from traditional policy storage, this paper includes comparison and improvement of policy storage for the purpose of meeting requirements of storage of cloud security policy. Policy storage technology refers to a technology used to realize storage of policies created by users and relevant policy information. Policy repository can conduct centralized management and processing of multiple policies and their relevant information. At present, popular policy repositories generally include policy storage for relational database or policy storage for directory server or a file in a fixed format, such as XML file format.

Covert channels are used to hidden transmit information and violate the security policy. What is more it is possible to construct covert channel in such manner that protection system is not able to detect it. IP timing covert channels are objects for research in the article. The focus of the paper is the research of how one can counteract an information leakage by dummy traffic generation. The covert channel capacity formula has been obtained in case of counteraction. In conclusion, the examples of counteraction tool parameter calculation are given.

The complex architecture of browser technologies and dynamic characteristics of JavaScript make it difficult to ensure security in client-side web applications. Browser-level security policies alone are not sufficient because it is difficult to apply them correctly and they can be bypassed. As a result, they need to be completed by application-level security policies. In this paper, we survey existing solutions for specifying and enforcing application-level security policies for client-side web applications, and distill a number of desirable features. Based on these features we developed Guardia, a framework for declaratively specifying and dynamically enforcing application-level security policies for JavaScript web applications without requiring VM modifications. We describe Guardia enforcement mechanism by means of JavaScript reflection with respect to three important security properties (transparency, tamper-proofness, and completeness). We also use Guardia to specify and deploy 12 access control policies discussed in related work in three experimental applications that are representative of real-world applications. Our experiments indicate that Guardia is correct, transparent, and tamper-proof, while only incurring a reasonable runtime overhead.

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) make it easier for security administrators to manage security policies on a network system. However, it is still challenging to map high-level security policies defined by users into low-level security policies that can be applied to network security devices. To address this problem, we introduce a framework for effectively managing user-defined security policies for network security functions based on standard interfaces that are currently being standardized in an IETF working group. To show the feasibility of the proposed framework, we implemented a prototype based on the RESTCONF protocol and showed that the proposed framework can be applied in real-world scenarios for network separation, DDoS mitigation and ransomeware prevention.

Along with the growing popularisation of Cloud Computing. Cloud storage technology has been paid more and more attention as an emerging network storage technology which is extended and developed by cloud computing concepts. Cloud computing environment depends on user services such as high-speed storage and retrieval provided by cloud computing system. Meanwhile, data security is an important problem to solve urgently for cloud storage technology. In recent years, There are more and more malicious attacks on cloud storage systems, and cloud storage system of data leaking also frequently occurred. Cloud storage security concerns the user's data security. The purpose of this paper is to achieve data security of cloud storage and to formulate corresponding cloud storage security policy. Those were combined with the results of existing academic research by analyzing the security risks of user data in cloud storage and approach a subject of the relevant security technology, which based on the structural characteristics of cloud storage system.

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has provided a new way to design and deploy network security services, but it may fail to build a practically useful ecosystem that seamlessly integrates network security services if there is no standard interface between them. We propose a generic architecture for security management service based on Network Security Functions (NSF) using NFV. The proposed architecture allows users to define their security requirements in a user-friendly manner by providing the users with high-level security interfaces that do not require specific information about network resources and protocols. We design basic components (e.g., Security policy manager, NSF capability manager, Application logic, Policy updater and Event collector) and interfaces for the proposed architecture. We introduce three use cases: (1) blacklists of dangerous domains, (2) time-dependent access control policies and (3) detection of suspicious calls for VoIP-VoLTE services. We also explain how to implement our proposed architecture with an illustrative example. Furthermore, we discuss several technical challenges to deploy the proposed architecture in a real network environment.

In order to ensure the security of electric power supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, this paper proposes a dynamic awareness security protection model based on security policy, the design idea of which regards safety construction protection as a dynamic analysis process and the security policy should adapt to the network dynamics. According to the current situation of the power SCADA system, the related security technology and the investigation results of system security threat, the paper analyzes the security requirements and puts forward the construction ideas of security protection based on policy protection detection response (P2DR) policy model. The dynamic awareness security protection model proposed in this paper is an effective and useful tool for protecting the security of power-SCADA system.

When clients interact with a cloud-based service, they expect certain levels of quality of service guarantees. These are expressed as security and privacy policies, interaction authorization policies, and service performance policies among others. The main security challenge in a cloud-based service environment, typically modeled using service-oriented architecture (SOA), is that it is difficult to trust all services in a service composition. In addition, the details of the services involved in an end-to-end service invocation chain are usually not exposed to the clients. The complexity of the SOA services and multi-tenancy in the cloud environment leads to a large attack surface. In this paper we propose a novel approach for end-to-end security and privacy in cloud-based service orchestrations, which uses a service activity monitor to audit activities of services in a domain. The service monitor intercepts interactions between a client and services, as well as among services, and provides a pluggable interface for different modules to analyze service interactions and make dynamic decisions based on security policies defined over the service domain. Experiments with a real-world service composition scenario demonstrate that the overhead of monitoring is acceptable for real-time operation of Web services.

Expressing and matching the security policy of each participant accurately is the precondition to construct a secure service composition. Most schemes presently use syntactic approaches to represent and match the security policy for service composition process, which is prone to result in false negative because of lacking semantics. In this paper, a novel approach based on semantics is proposed to express and match the security policies in service composition. Through constructing a general security ontology, the definition method and matching algorithm of the semantic security policy for service composition are presented, and the matching problem of policy is translated into the subsumption reasoning problem of semantic concept. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation show that, the proposed approach can present the necessary semantic information in the representation of policy and effectively improve the accuracy of matching result, thus overcome the deficiency of the syntactic approaches, and can also simplify the definition and management of the policy at the same time, which thereby provides a more effective solution for building the secure service composition based on security policy.

Privacy analysis is essential in the society. Data privacy preservation for access control, guaranteed service in wireless sensor networks are important parts. In programs' verification, we not only consider about these kinds of safety and liveness properties but some security policies like noninterference, and observational determinism which have been proposed as hyper properties. Fairness is widely applied in verification for concurrent systems, wireless sensor networks and embedded systems. This paper studies verification and analysis for proving security-relevant properties and hyper properties by proposing deductive proof rules under fairness requirements (constraints).

Privacy is the most anticipated aspect in many perspectives especially with sensitive data and the database is being targeted incessantly for vulnerability. The database must be persistently monitored for ensuring comprehensive security. The proposed model is intended to cherish the database privacy by thwarting intrusions and inferences. The Database Static protection and Intrusion Tolerance Subsystem proposed in the architecture bolster this practice. This paper enunciates Privacy Cherished Database architecture model and how it achieves security under sundry circumstances.