Biblio

Cloud computing has helped in managing big data and providing resources remotely and ubiquitously, but it has some latency and security concerns. Fog has provided tremendous advantages over cloud computing which include low latency rate, improved real-time interactions, reduced network traffic overcrowding, and improved reliability, however, security concerns need to be addressed separately. Another major issue in the cloud is Cloud Lock-in/Vendor Lock-in. Through this research, an effort has been made to extend fog computing and Searchable Encryption technologies. The proposed system can reduce the issue of cloud lock-in faced in traditional cloud computing. The SE schemes used in this paper are Symmetric Searchable Encryption (SSE) and Multi-keyword Ranked Searchable Encryption (MRSE) to achieve confidentiality, privacy, fine-grained access control, and efficient keyword search. This can help to achieve better access control and keyword search simultaneously. An important use of this technique is it helps to prevent the issue of cloud/vendor lock-in. This can shift some computation and storage of index tables over fog nodes that will reduce the dependency on Cloud Service Providers (CSPs).

Various methods for face validation-based authentication systems have been applied in a number of access control applications. However, using only one biometric factor such as facial data may limit accuracy and use, and is not practical in a real environment. This paper presents the implementation of a face time attendance system with an additional factor, a QR code to improve accuracy. This two- factor authentication system was developed in the form of a kiosk with a contactless process, which emerged due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiment was conducted at a well- known training event in Thailand. The proposed two-factor system was evaluated in terms of accuracy and satisfaction. Additionally, it was compared to a traditional single-factor system using only face recognition. The results confirm that the proposed two-factor scheme is more effective and did not incorrectly identify any users.

With the reform of the power market(PM), various power applications based on computer networks have also developed. As a network application system supporting the operation of the PM, the technical support system(TSS) of the PM has become increasingly important for its network information security(NIS). The purpose of this article is to study the security protection of computer network information in power systems. This paper proposes an identity authentication algorithm based on digital signatures to verify the legitimacy of system user identities; on the basis of PMI, according to the characteristics of PM access control, a role-based access control model with time and space constraints is proposed, and a role-based access control model is designed. The access control algorithm based on the attribute certificate is used to manage the user's authority. Finally, according to the characteristics of the electricity market data, the data security transmission algorithm is designed and the feasibility is verified. This paper presents the supporting platform for the security test and evaluation of the network information system, and designs the subsystem and its architecture of the security situation assessment (TSSA) and prediction, and then designs the key technologies in this process in detail. This paper implements the subsystem of security situation assessment and prediction, and uses this subsystem to combine with other subsystems in the support platform to perform experiments, and finally adopts multiple manifestations, and the trend of the system's security status the graph is presented to users intuitively. Experimental studies have shown that the residual risks in the power system after implementing risk measures in virtual mode can reduce the risk value of the power system to a fairly low level by implementing only three reinforcement schemes.

The transportation sector is undergoing rapid changes to reduce pollution and increase life quality in urban areas. One of the most effective approaches is flexible car rental and sharing to reduce traffic congestion and parking space issues. In this paper, we envision a flexible car sharing framework where vehicle owners want to make their vehicles available for flexible rental to other users. The owners delegate the management of their vehicles to intermediate services under certain policies, such as municipalities or authorized services, which manage the due infrastructure and services that can be accessed by users. We investigate the design of an accountable solution that allow vehicles owners, who want to share their vehicles securely under certain usage policies, to control that delegated services and users comply with the policies. While monitoring users behavior, our approach also takes care of users privacy, preventing tracking or profiling procedures by other parties. Existing approaches put high trust assumptions on users and third parties, do not consider users' privacy requirements, or have limitations in terms of flexibility or applicability. We propose an accountable protocol that extends standard delegated authorizations and integrate it with Security Credential Management Systems (SCMS), while considering the requirements and constraints of vehicular networks. We show that the proposed approach represents a practical approach to guarantee accountability in realistic scenarios with acceptable overhead.

Named Data Networking (NDN) is an emerging network architecture, which is built by keeping data as its pivotal point. The in-network cache, one of the important characteristics, makes data packets to be available from multiple locations on the Internet. Hence data access control and their enforcement mechanisms become even more critical in the NDNs. In this paper, we propose a novel encryption-based data access control scheme using Role-Based Encryption (RBE). The inheritance property of our scheme provides a natural way to achieve efficient data access control over hierarchical content. This in turn makes our scheme suitable for large scale real world content-centric applications and services such as Netflix. Further, the proposed scheme introduces an anonymous signature-based authentication mechanism to reject bogus data requests nearer to the source, thereby preventing them from entering the network. This in turn helps to mitigate better denial of service attacks. In addition, the signature mechanism supports unlinkability, which is essential to prevent leakages of individual user's access patterns. Another major feature of the proposed scheme is that it provides accountability of the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) using batch signature verification. Moreover, we have developed a transparent and secure dispute resolution and payment mechanism using smart-contract and blockchain technologies. We present a formal security analysis of our scheme to show it is provably secure against Chosen Plaintext Attacks. We also demonstrate that our scheme supports more functionalities than the existing schemes and its performance is better in terms of computation, communication and storage.

With the development of various technologies, the modern industry has been promoted to a new era known as Industry 4.0. Within such paradigm, smart factories are becoming widely recognized as the fundamental concept. These systems generate and exchange vast amounts of privacy-sensitive data, which makes them attractive targets of attacks and unauthorized access. To improve privacy and security within such environments, a more decentralized approach is seen as the solution to allow their longterm growth. Currently, the blockchain technology represents one of the most suitable candidate technologies able to support distributed and secure ecosystem for Industry 4.0 while ensuring reliability, information integrity and access authorization. Blockchain based access control frameworks address encountered challenges regarding the confidentiality, traceability and notarization of access demands and procedures. However significant additional fears are raised about entities' privacy regarding access history and shared policies. In this paper, our main focus is to ensure strong privacy guarantees over the access control related procedures regarding access requester sensitive attributes and shared access control policies. The proposed scheme called PDAMF based on ring signatures adds a privacy layer for hiding sensitive attributes while keeping the verification process transparent and public. Results from a real implementation plus performance evaluation prove the proposed concept and demonstrate its feasibility.

In order to improve the big data management ability of IOT access control based on converged network structure, a security integration model of IOT access control based on machine learning and converged network structure is proposed. Combined with the feature analysis method, the storage structure allocation model is established, the feature extraction and fuzzy clustering analysis of big data are realized by using the spatial node rotation control, the fuzzy information fusion parameter analysis model is constructed, the frequency coupling parameter analysis is realized, the virtual inertia parameter analysis model is established, and the integrated processing of big data is realized according to the machine learning analysis results. The test results show that the method has good clustering effect, reduces the storage overhead, and improves the reliability management ability of big data.

Recent years have seen an increase in medical big data, which can be attributed to a paradigm shift experienced in medical data sharing induced by the growth of medical technology and the Internet of Things. The evidence of this potential has been proved during the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was characterised by the use of medical wearable devices to help with the medical data exchange between the healthcare providers and patients in a bid to contain the pandemic. However, the use of these technologies has also raised questions and concerns about security and privacy risks. To assist in resolving this issue, this paper proposes a blockchain-based access control framework for managing access to users’ medical data. This is facilitated by using a smart contract on the blockchain, which allows for delegated access control and secure user authentication. This solution leverages blockchain technology’s inherent autonomy and immutability to solve the existing access control challenges. We have presented the solution in the form of a medical wearable sensor prototype and a mobile app that uses the Ethereum blockchain in a real data sharing control scenario. Based on the empirical results, the proposed solution has proven effective. It has the potential to facilitate reliable data exchange while also protecting sensitive health information against potential threats. When subjected to security analysis and evaluation, the system exhibits performance improvements in data privacy levels, high security and lightweight access control design compared to the current centralised access control models.

BYOD or Bring Your Own Device is a set of policies that allow employees of an organization to use their own devices for official work purposes. BYOD is an immensely popular concept in the present day due to the many advantages it provides. However, the implementation of BYOD policies entail diverse problems and as a result, the confidentiality of documents can be breached. Furthermore, employees without security awareness and training are highly vulnerable to endpoint attacks, network attacks, and zero-day attacks that lead to a breach of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA). In this context, this paper proposes a comprehensive solution; ‘BYODENCE’, for the detection and prevention of unauthorized access to organizational documents. BYODENCE is an efficient BYOD solution which can produce competitive results in terms of accuracy and speed.

The traditional data storage method often adopts centralized architecture, which is prone to trust and security problems. This paper proposes a trusted data storage and access control scheme combining blockchain and attribute-based encryption, which allow cyber-physical system (CPS) nodes to realize the fine-grained access control strategy. At the same time, this paper combines the blockchain technology with distributed storage, and only store the access control policy and the data access address on the blockchain, which solves the storage bottleneck of blockchain system. Furthermore, this paper proposes a novel multi-authority attributed-based identification method, which realizes distributed attribute key generation and simplifies the pairwise authentication process of multi-authority. It can not only address the key escrow problem of one single authority, but also reduce the problem of high communication overhead and heavy burden of multi-authority. The analyzed results show that the proposed scheme has better comprehensive performance in trusted data storage and access control for power cyber-physical system.

To break the data barrier of the information island and explore the value of data in the past few years, it has become a trend of uploading data to the cloud by data owners for data sharing. At the same time, they also hope that the uploaded data can still be controlled, which makes access control of cloud data become an intractable problem. As a famous cryptographic technology, ciphertext policy-based attribute encryption (CP-ABE) not only assures data confidentiality but implements fine-grained access control. However, the actual application of CP-ABE has its inherent challenge in attribute revocation. To address this challenge, we proposed an access control solution supporting attribute revocation in cloud computing. Unlike previous attribute revocation schemes, to solve the problem of excessive attribute revocation overhead, we use symmetric encryption technology to encrypt the plaintext data firstly, and then, encrypting the symmetric key by utilizing public-key encryption technology according to the access structure, so that only the key ciphertext is necessary to update when the attributes are revoked, which reduces the spending of ciphertext update to a great degree. The comparative analysis demonstrates that our solution is reasonably efficient and more secure to support attribute revocation and access control after data sharing.

Driven by the development of Internet and information technology, cloud computing has been widely recognized and accepted by the public. However, with the occurrence of more and more information leakage, cloud security has also become one of the core problem of cloud computing. As one of the resolve methods of it, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) by embedding access policy into ciphertext can make data owner to decide which attributes can access ciphertext. It achieves ensuring data confidentiality with realizing fine-grained access control. However, the traditional access policy has some limitations. Compared with other access policies, the circuit-based access policy ABE supports more flexible access control to encrypted data. But there are still many challenges in the existing circuit-based access policy ABE, such as privacy leakage and low efficiency. Motivated by the above, a new circuit-based access policy ABE is proposed. By converting the multi output OR gates in monotonic circuit, the backtracking attacks in circuit access structure is avoided. In order to overcome the low efficiency issued by circuit conversion, outsourcing computing is adopted to Encryption/Decryption algorithms, which makes the computing overhead for data owners and users be decreased and achieve constant level. Security analysis shows that the scheme is secure under the decision bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption. Numerical results show the proposed scheme has a higher computation efficiency than the other circuit-based schemes.

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides significant benefits for industry due to connect the devices together through the internet. Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a technique can enforce an access control over data to guarantee the data security. In this paper, we propose an ABE scheme for data in industrial IoT. The scheme achieves both security and high performance. When there is a shared subpolicy among the access policies of a sensor, the scheme optimizes the encryption of the messages. Through analysis and simulation, we show that our solution is security and efficient.

Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is an access control mechanism where a sender encrypts messages according to an attribute set for multiple receivers. With fine-grained access control, it has been widely applied to cloud storage and file sharing systems. In such a mechanism, it is a challenge to achieve the revocation efficiently on a specific user since different users may share common attributes. Thus, dynamic membership is a critical issue to discuss. On the other hand, most works on LSSS-based ABE do not address the situation about threshold on the access structure, and it lowers the diversity of access policies. This manuscript presents an efficient attribute-based encryption scheme with dynamic membership by using LSSS. The proposed scheme can implement threshold gates in the access structure. Furthermore, it is the first ABE supporting complete dynamic membership that achieves the CCA security in the standard model, i.e. without the assumption of random oracles.

The notion of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) has been introduced as a fine-grained defense approach. It assumes that no entities outside and inside the protected system can be trusted and therefore requires articulated and high-coverage deployment of security controls. However, ZTA is a complex notion which does not have a single design solution; rather it consists of numerous interconnected concepts and processes that need to be assessed prior to deciding on a solution. In this paper, we outline a ZTA design methodology based on cyber risks and the identification of known high security risks. We then discuss challenges related to the design and deployment of ZTA and related solutions. We also discuss the role that service technology can play in ZTA.

In order to guarantee the normal operation of the power Internet of things devices, the zero-trust idea was used for studying the security protection strategies of devices from four aspects: user authentication, equipment trust, application integrity and flow baselines. Firstly, device trust is constructed based on device portrait; then, verification of device application integrity based on MD5 message digest algorithm to achieve device application trustworthiness. Next, the terminal network traffic baselines are mined from OpenFlow, a southbound protocol in SDN. Finally, according to the dynamic user trust degree attribute access control model, the comprehensive user trust degree was obtained by weighting the direct trust degree. It obtained from user authentication and the trust degree of user access to terminal communication traffic. And according to the comprehensive trust degree, users are assigned the minimum authority to access the terminal to realize the security protection of the terminal. According to the comprehensive trust degree, the minimum permissions for users to access the terminal were assigned to achieve the security protection of the terminal. The research shows that the zero-trust mechanism is applied to the terminal security protection of power Internet of Things, which can improve the reliability of the safe operation of terminal equipment.

With the rise of the cloud computing and services, the network environments tend to be more complex and enormous. Security control becomes more and more hard due to the frequent and various access and requests. There are a few techniques to solve the problem which developed separately in the recent years. Network Micro-Segmentation provides the system the ability to keep different parts separated. Zero Trust Model ensures the network is access to trusted users and business by applying the policy that verify and authenticate everything. With the combination of Segmentation and Zero Trust Model, a system will obtain the ability to control the access to organizations' or industrial valuable assets. To implement the cooperation, the paper designs a strategy named light verification to help the process to be painless for the cost of inspection. The strategy was found to be effective from the perspective of the technical management, security and usability.

A promising paradigm in protocol design is to hold parties accountable for misbehavior, instead of postulating that they are trustworthy. Recent approaches in defining this property, called accountability, characterized malicious behavior as a deviation from the protocol that causes a violation of the desired security property, but did so under the assumption that all deviating parties are controlled by a single, centralized adversary. In this work, we investigate the setting where multiple parties can deviate with or without coordination in a variant of the applied-π calculus.We first demonstrate that, under realistic assumptions, it is impossible to determine all misbehaving parties; however, we show that accountability can be relaxed to exclude causal dependencies that arise from the behavior of deviating parties, and not from the protocol as specified. We map out the design space for the relaxation, point out protocol classes separating these notions and define conditions under which we can guarantee fairness and completeness. Most importantly, we discover under which circumstances it is correct to consider accountability in the single-adversary setting, where this property can be verified with off-the-shelf protocol verification tools.

Authentication and access control techniques are fundamental security elements to restrict access to critical resources in IoT environment. In the current state-of-the-art approaches in the literature, the architectures do not address the security features of authentication and access control together. Besides, they don't completely fulfill the key Internet-of-Things (IoT) features such as usability, scalability, interoperability and security. In this paper, we introduce a novel blockchain-based architecture for authentication and capability-based access control for IoT environment. A capability is a token which contains the access rights authorized to the device holding it. The architecture uses blockchain technology to carry out all the operations in the scheme. It does not embed blockchain technology into the resource-constrained IoT devices for the purpose of authentication and access control of the devices. However, the IoT devices and blockchain are connected by means of interfaces through which the essential communications are established. The authenticity of such interfaces are verified before any communication is made. Consequently, the architecture satisfies usability, scalability, interoperability and security features. We carried out security evaluation for the scheme. It exhibits strong resistance to threats like spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, and Denial-of-Service (DoS). We also developed a proof of concept implementation where cost and storage overhead of blockchain transactions are studied.

Fueled by the emergence of IoT-enabled medical sensors and big data analytics, nations all over the world are widely adopting digitalization of healthcare systems. This is certainly a positive trend for improving the entire spectrum of quality of care, but this convenience is also posing a huge challenge on the security of healthcare data. For ensuring privacy and protection of healthcare data, access control is regarded as one of the first-line-of-defense mechanisms. As none of the traditional enterprise access control models can completely cater to the need of the healthcare domain which includes a myriad of contexts, in this paper, we present a context-policy-based access control scheme. Our scheme relies on the eTRON cybersecurity architecture for tamper-resistance and cryptographic functions, and leverages a context-specific blend of classical discretionary and role-based access models for incorporation into legacy systems. Moreover, our scheme adheres to key recommendations of prominent statutory and technical guidelines including HIPAA and HL7. The protocols involved in the proposed access control system have been delineated, and a proof-of-concept implementation has been carried out - along with a comparison with other systems, which clearly suggests that our approach is more responsive to different contexts for protecting healthcare data.

Information security provides a set of mechanisms to be implemented in the organisation to protect the disclosure of data to the unauthorised person. Access control is the primary security component that allows the user to authorise the consumption of resources and data based on the predefined permissions. However, the access rules are static in nature, which does not adapt to the dynamic environment includes but not limited to healthcare, cloud computing, IoT, National Security and Intelligence Arena and multi-centric system. There is a need for an additional countermeasure in access decision that can adapt to those working conditions to assess the threats and to ensure privacy and security are maintained. Risk analysis is an act of measuring the threats to the system through various means such as, analysing the user behaviour, evaluating the user trust, and security policies. It is a modular component that can be integrated into the existing access control to predict the risk. This study presents the different techniques and approaches applied for risk analysis in access control. Based on the insights gained, this paper formulates the taxonomy of risk analysis and properties that will allow researchers to focus on areas that need to be improved and new features that could be beneficial to stakeholders.

The paper discusses a prototype of a database, which can be used for operation in a decentralized mode for an information system. In this project, the focus is on creation of a data structure model that provides flexibility of business processes. The research is based on the development of a model for decentralized access rights distribution by including users in groups where they are assigned similar roles using consensus of other group members. This paper summarizes the main technologies that were used to ensure information security of the decentralized storage, the mechanisms for fixing access rights to an object access (the minimum entity of the system), describes a process of the data access control at the role level and an algorithm for managing the consensus for applying changes.

Wireless Network-on-Chip (WNoC) broadly adopts single channel for low overhead data transmission. Sharing of the channel among multiple wireless interfaces (WIs) is controlled by a channel access mechanism (CAM). Such CAM can be malfunctioned by a Hardware Trojan (HT) in a malicious WI or a rogue third party intellectual property (IP) core present on the same System-on-Chip (SoC). This may result in denial-of-service (DoS) or spoofing in WNoC leading to starvation of healthy WIs and under-utilization of wireless channel. Our work demonstrates possible threat model on CAM and proposes low overhead decentralized countermeasures for both DoS and spoofing attacks in WNoC.

In recent years, the Internet of Things technology has developed rapidly. RFID technology, as an important branch of the Internet of Things technology, is widely used in logistics, medical, military and other fields. RFID technology not only brings convenience to people's production and life, but also hides many security problems. However, the current research on RFID technology mainly focuses on the technology application, and there are relatively few researches on its security analysis. This paper firstly studies the authentication mechanism and storage mechanism of RFID technology, then analyzes the common vulnerabilities of RFID, and finally gives the security protection suggestions.

With current IoT architectures, once a single device in a network is compromised, it can be used to disrupt the behavior of other devices on the same network. Even though system administrators can secure critical devices in the network using best practices and state-of-the-art technology, a single vulnerable device can undermine the security of the entire network. The goal of this work is to limit the ability of an attacker to exploit a vulnerable device on an IoT network and fabricate deceitful messages to co-opt other devices. The approach is to limit attackers by using device proxies that are used to retransmit and control network communications. We present an architecture that prevents deceitful messages generated by compromised devices from affecting the rest of the network. The design assumes a centralized and trustworthy machine that can observe the behavior of all devices on the network. The central machine collects application layer data, as opposed to low-level network traffic, from each IoT device. The collected data is used to train models that capture the normal behavior of each individual IoT device. The normal behavioral data is then used to monitor the IoT devices and detect anomalous behavior. This paper reports on our experiments using both a binary classifier and a density-based clustering algorithm to model benign IoT device behavior with a realistic test-bed, designed to capture normal behavior in an IoT-monitored environment. Results from the IoT testbed show that both the classifier and the clustering algorithms are promising and encourage the use of application-level data for detecting compromised IoT devices.