This summer school will provide a rare opportunity for researchers in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and related sciences to learn about recent research directions and future challenges in this area. Funding is available to support graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in the early stages of their career, as well as more senior researchers interested in undertaking new research in this area. Encouraging the careers of women and minority mathematicians and scientists is an important component of IPAM's mission, and we welcome their applications.