Biblio
The current state of the internet relies heavily on SSL/TLS and the certificate authority model. This model has systematic problems, both in its design as well as its implementation. There are problems with certificate revocation, certificate authority governance, breaches, poor security practices, single points of failure and with root stores. This paper begins with a general introduction to SSL/TLS and a description of the role of certificates, certificate authorities and root stores in the current model. This paper will then explore problems with the current model and describe work being done to help mitigate these problems.
With the developing understanding of Information Security and digital assets, IT technology has put on tremendous importance of network admission control (NAC). In NAC architecture, admission decisions and resource reservations are taken at edge devices, rather than resources or individual routers within the network. The NAC architecture enables resilient resource reservation, maintaining reservations even after failures and intra-domain rerouting. Admission Control Networks destiny is based on IP networks through its Security and Quality of Service (QoS) demands for real time multimedia application via advance resource reservation techniques. To achieve Security & QoS demands, in real time performance networks, admission control algorithm decides whether the new traffic flow can be admitted to the network or not. Secure allocation of Peer for multimedia traffic flows with required performance is a great challenge in resource reservation schemes. In this paper, we have proposed our model for VoIP networks in order to achieve security services along with QoS, where admission control decisions are taken place at edge routers. We have analyzed and argued that the measurement based admission control should be done at edge routers which employs on-demand probing parallel from both edge routers to secure the source and destination nodes respectively. In order to achieve Security and QoS for a new call, we choose various probe packet sizes for voice and video calls respectively. Similarly a technique is adopted to attain a security allocation approach for selecting an admission control threshold by proposing our admission control algorithm. All results are tested on NS2 based simulation to evalualate the network performance of edge router based upon network admission control in VoIP traffic.
Transform based image steganography methods are commonly used in security applications. However, the application of several recent transforms for image steganography remains unexplored. This paper presents bit-plane based steganography method using different transforms. In this work, the bit-plane of the transform coefficients is selected to embed the secret message. The characteristics of four transforms used in the steganography have been analyzed and the results of the four transforms are compared. This has been proven in the experimental results.
Homomorphic signatures can provide a credential of a result which is indeed computed with a given function on a data set by an untrusted third party like a cloud server, when the input data are stored with the signatures beforehand. Boneh and Freeman in EUROCRYPT2011 proposed a homomorphic signature scheme for polynomial functions of any degree, however the scheme is not based on the normal short integer solution (SIS) problems as its security assumption. In this paper, we show a homomorphic signature scheme for quadratic polynomial functions those security assumption is based on the normal SIS problems. Our scheme constructs the signatures of multiplication as tensor products of the original signature vectors of input data so that homomorphism holds. Moreover, security of our scheme is reduced to the hardness of the SIS problems respect to the moduli such that one modulus is the power of the other modulus. We show the reduction by constructing solvers of the SIS problems respect to either of the moduli from any forger of our scheme.
Software-defined networks offer a promising framework for the implementation of cross-layer data-centric security policies in military systems. An important aspect of the design process for such advanced security solutions is the thorough experimental assessment and validation of proposed technical concepts prior to their deployment in operational military systems. In this paper, we describe an OpenFlow-based testbed, which was developed with a specific focus on validation of SDN security mechanisms - including both the mechanisms for protecting the software-defined network layer and the cross-layer enforcement of higher level policies, such as data-centric security policies. We also present initial experimentation results obtained using the testbed, which confirm its ability to validate simulation and analytic predictions. Our objective is to provide a sufficiently detailed description of the configuration used in our testbed so that it can be easily re-plicated and re-used by other security researchers in their experiments.
Privacy and security have been discussed in many occasions and in most cases, the importance that these two aspects play on the information system domain are mentioned often. Many times, research is carried out on the individual information security or privacy measures where it is commonly regarded with the focus on the particular measure or both privacy and security are regarded as a whole subject. However, there have been no attempts at establishing a proper method in categorizing any form of objects of protection. Through the review done on this paper, we would like to investigate the relationship between privacy and security and form a break down the aspects of privacy and security in order to provide better understanding through determining if a measure or methodology is security, privacy oriented or both. We would recommend that in further research, a further refined formulation should be formed in order to carry out this determination process. As a result, we propose a Privacy-Security Tree (PST) in this paper that distinguishes the privacy from security measures.
Information security is crucial to data storage and transmission, which is necessary to protect information under various hostile environments. Cryptography serves as a major element to ensure confidentiality in both communication and information technology, where the encryption and decryption schemes are implemented to scramble the pure plaintext and descramble the secret ciphertext using security keys. There are two dominating types of encryption schemes: deterministic encryption and chaotic encryption. Encryption and decryption can be conducted in either spatial domain or frequency domain. To ensure secure transmission of digital information, comparisons on merits and drawbacks of two practical encryption schemes are conducted, where case studies on the true color digital image encryption are presented. Both deterministic encryption in spatial domain and chaotic encryption in frequency domain are analyzed in context, as well as the information integrity after decryption.
The extremely rapid development of the Internet of Things brings growing attention to the information security issue. Realization of cryptographically strong pseudo random number generators (PRNGs), is crucial in securing sensitive data. They play an important role in cryptography and in network security applications. In this paper, we realize a comparative study of two pseudo chaotic number generators (PCNGs). The First pseudo chaotic number generator (PCNG1) is based on two nonlinear recursive filters of order one using a Skew Tent map (STmap) and a Piece-Wise Linear Chaotic map (PWLCmap) as non linear functions. The second pseudo chaotic number generator (PCNG2) consists of four coupled chaotic maps, namely: PWLCmaps, STmap, Logistic map by means a binary diffusion matrix [D]. A comparative analysis of the performance in terms of computation time (Generation time, Bit rate and Number of needed cycles to generate one byte) and security of the two PCNGs is carried out.
With the ever increasing growth of internet usage, ensuring high security for information has gained great importance, due to the several threats in the communication channels. Hence there is continuous research towards finding a suitable approach to ensure high security for the information. In recent decades, cryptography is being used extensively for providing security on the Internet although primarily used in the military and diplomatic communities. One such approach is the application of Chaos theory in cryptosystems. In this work, we have proposed the usage of combined multiple recursive generator (CMRG) for KEY generation based on a chaotic function to generate different multiple keys. It is seen that negligible difference in parameters of chaotic function generates completely different keys as well as cipher text. The main motive for developing the chaos based cryptosystem is to attain encryption that provides high security at comparatively higher speed but with lower complexity and cost over the conventional encryption algorithms.
The survey of related work in the very specialized field of information security (IS) ensurance for the Internet of Things (IoT) allowed us to work out a taxonomy of typical attacks against the IoT elements (with special attention to the IoT device protection). The key directions of countering these attacks were defined on this basis. According to the modern demand for the IoT big IS-related data processing, the application of Security Intelligence approach is proposed. The main direction of the future research, namely the IoT operational resilience, is indicated.
The survey of related works on insider information security (IS) threats is presented. Special attention is paid to works that consider the insiders' behavioral models as it is very up-to-date for behavioral intrusion detection. Three key research directions are defined: 1) the problem analysis in general, including the development of taxonomy for insiders, attacks and countermeasures; 2) study of a specific IS threat with forecasting model development; 3) early detection of a potential insider. The models for the second and third directions are analyzed in detail. Among the second group the works on three IS threats are examined, namely insider espionage, cyber sabotage and unintentional internal IS violation. Discussion and a few directions for the future research conclude the paper.
Institutions use the information security (InfoSec) policy document as a set of rules and guidelines to govern the use of the institutional information resources. However, a common problem is that these policies are often not followed or complied with. This study explores the extent to which the problem lies with the policy documents themselves. The InfoSec policies are documented in the natural languages, which are prone to ambiguity and misinterpretation. Subsequently such policies may be ambiguous, thereby making it hard, if not impossible for users to comply with. A case study approach with a content analysis was conducted. The research explores the extent of the problem by using a case study of an educational institution in South Africa.
Information security deals with a large number of subjects like spoofed message detection, audio processing, video surveillance and cyber-attack detections. However the biggest threat for the homeland security is cyber-attacks. Distributed Denial of Service attack is one among them. Interconnected systems such as database server, web server, cloud computing servers etc., are now under threads from network attackers. Denial of service is common attack in the internet which causes problem for both the user and the service providers. Distributed attack sources can be used to enlarge the attack in case of Distributed Denial of Service so that the effect of the attack will be high. Distributed Denial of Service attacks aims at exhausting the communication and computational power of the network by flooding the packets through the network and making malicious traffic in the network. In order to be an effective service the DDoS attack must be detected and mitigated quickly before the legitimate user access the attacker's target. The group of systems that is used to perform the DoS attack is known as the botnets. This paper introduces the overview of the state of art in DDoS attack detection strategies.
A smart city uses information technology to integrate and manage physical, social, and business infrastructures in order to provide better services to its dwellers while ensuring efficient and optimal utilization of available resources. With the proliferation of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and interconnected networks, smart cities can deliver innovative solutions and more direct interaction and collaboration between citizens and the local government. Despite a number of potential benefits, digital disruption poses many challenges related to information security and privacy. This paper proposes a security framework that integrates the blockchain technology with smart devices to provide a secure communication platform in a smart city.
Security is a well-known critical issue and exploitation of vulnerabilities is increasing in number, sophistication and damage. Furthermore, legacy systems tend to offer difficulty when upgrades are needed, specially when security recommendations are proposed. This paper presents a strategy for legacy systems based on three disciplines which guide the adoption of secure routines while avoid production drop. We present a prototype framework and discuss its success in providing security to the network of a power plant.
Honeypot systems are an effective method for defending production systems from security breaches and to gain detailed information about attackers' motivation, tactics, software and infrastructure. In this paper we present how different types of honeypots can be employed to gain valuable information about attacks and attackers, and also outline new and innovative possibilities for future research.
In this workshop, participants coming from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds and countries–-China, South Korea, EU, and US–-will present their country's cyber security initiatives and challenges. Following the presentations, participants will discuss current trends, lessons learned in implementing the initiatives, and international collaboration. The workshop will culminate in the setting an agenda for future collaborative studies in cyber security.
Threat classification is extremely important for individuals and organizations, as it is an important step towards realization of information security. In fact, with the progress of information technologies (IT) security becomes a major challenge for organizations which are vulnerable to many types of insiders and outsiders security threats. The paper deals with threats classification models in order to help managers to define threat characteristics and then protect their assets from them. Existing threats classification models are non complete and present non orthogonal threats classes. The aim of this paper is to suggest a scalable and complete approach that classifies security threat in orthogonal way.
Security breaches and attacks are becoming a more critical and, simultaneously, a challenging problems for many firms in networked supply chains. A game theory-based model is developed to investigate how interdependent feature of information security risk influence the optimal strategy of firms to invest in information security. The equilibrium levels of information security investment under non-cooperative game condition are compared with socially optimal solutions. The results show that the infectious risks often induce firms to invest inefficiently whereas trust risks lead to overinvest in information security. We also find that firm's investment may not necessarily monotonous changes with infectious risks and trust risks in a centralized case. Furthermore, relative to the socially efficient level, firms facing infectious risks may invest excessively depending on whether trust risks is large enough.
Digital Forensics is an area of Forensics Science that uses the application of scientific method toward crime investigation. The thwarting of forensic evidence is known as anti-forensics, the aim of which is ambiguous in the sense that it could be bad or good. The aim of this project is to simulate digital crimes scenario and carry out forensic and anti-forensic analysis to enhance security. This project uses several forensics and anti-forensic tools and techniques to carry out this work. The data analyzed were gotten from result of the simulation. The results reveal that although it might be difficult to investigate digital crime but with the help of sophisticated forensic tools/anti-forensics tools it can be accomplished.
Cyber-physical systems combine data processing and physical interaction. Therefore, security in cyber-physical systems involves more than traditional information security. This paper surveys recent research on security in cloud-based cyber-physical systems. In addition, this paper especially analyzes the security issues in modern production devices and smart mobility services, which are examples of cyber-physical systems from different application domains.
There has been a rampant surge in compromise of consumer grade small scale routers in the last couple of years. Attackers are able to manipulate the Domain Name Space (DNS) settings of these devices hence making them capable of initiating different man-in-the-middle attacks. By this study we aim to explore and comprehend the current state of these attacks. Focusing on the Indian Autonomous System Number (ASN) space, we performed scans over 3 months to successfully find vulnerable routers and extracted the DNS information from these vulnerable routers. In this paper we present the methodology followed for scanning, a detailed analysis report of the information we were able to collect and an insight into the current trends in the attack patterns. We conclude by proposing recommendations for mitigating these attacks.