Biblio

Named Data Networking (NDN) has been viewed as a promising future Internet architecture. It requires a new access control scheme to prevent the injection of unauthorized data request. In this paper, an access control supported by information service entity (ACISE) is proposed for NDN networks. A trust entity, named the information service entity (ISE), is deployed in each domain for the registration of the consumer and the edge router. The identity-based cryptography (IBC) is used to generate a private key for the authorized consumer at the ISE and to calculate a signature encapsulated in the Interest packet at the consumer. Therefore, the edge router could support the access control by the signature verification of the Interest packets so that no Interest packet from unauthorized consumer could be forwarded or replied. Moreover, shared keys are negotiated between authorized consumers and their edge routers. The subsequent Interest packets would be verified by the message authentication code (MAC) instead of the signature. The simulation results have shown that the ACISE scheme would achieve a similar response delay to the original NDN scheme when the NDN is under no attacks. However, the ACISE scheme is immune to the cache pollution attacks so that it could maintain a much smaller response delay compared to the other schemes when the NDN network is under the attacks.

Internet of Things (IoT) evolution calls for stringent communication demands, including low delay and reliability. At the same time, wireless mesh technology is used to extend the communication range of IoT deployments, in a multi-hop manner. However, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are facing link failures due to unstable topologies, resulting in unsatisfied IoT requirements. Named-Data Networking (NDN) can enhance WMNs to meet such IoT requirements, thanks to the content naming scheme and in-network caching, but necessitates adaptability to the challenging conditions of WMNs.In this work, we argue that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an ideal solution to fill this gap and introduce an integrated SDN-NDN deployment over WMNs involving: (i) global view of the network in real-time; (ii) centralized decision making; and (iii) dynamic NDN adaptation to network changes. The proposed system is deployed and evaluated over the wiLab.1 Fed4FIRE+ test-bed. The proof-of-concept results validate that the centralized control of SDN effectively supports the NDN operation in unstable topologies with frequent dynamic changes, such as the WMNs.

The co-existence between Internet Protocol (IP) and Named-Data Networking (NDN) protocol is inevitable during the transition period. We propose a privacy-preserving translation method between IP and NDN called the dual-channel translation gateway. The gateway provides two different channels dedicated to the interest and the data packet to translate the IP to the NDN protocol and vice versa. Additionally, the name resolution table is provided at the gateway that binds an IP packet securely with a prefix name. Moreover, we compare the dual-channel gateway performance with the encapsulation gateway.

As a fundamental departure from the IP design which encodes source and destination addresses in each packet, Named Data Networking (NDN) directly uses application-defined data names for network layer communications. While bringing important data-centric benefits, the semantic richness of NDN names has also raised confidentiality and privacy concerns. In this paper, we first define the problem of name confidentiality, and then investigate the solution space through a comprehensive examination of all the proposed solutions up to date. Our work shows that the proposed solutions are simply different means to hide the actual data names via a layer of translation; they differ in where and how the translation takes place, which lead to different trade-offs in feasibility, efficiency, security, scalability, and different degrees of adherence to NDN's data-centric communications. Our investigation suggests the feasibility of a systematic design that can enable NDN to provide stronger name confidentiality and user privacy as compared to today's TCP/IP Internet.

Both the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information Centric Networking (ICN) have gathered a lot of attention from both research and industry in recent years. While ICN has proved to be beneficial in many situations, it is not widely deployed outside research projects, also not addressing needs of IoT application programming interfaces (APIs). On the other hand, today's IoT solutions are built on top of the host-centric communication model associated with the usage of the Internet Protocol (IP). This paper contributes a discussion on the need of an integration of a specific form of IoT APIs, namely WebSocket based streaming APIs, into an ICN. Furthermore, different access models are discussed and requirements are derived from real world APIs. Finally, the design of an ICN-style extension is presented using one of the examined APIs.

Named Data Networking, a future internet network architecture design that can change the network's perspective from previously host-centric to data-centric. It can reduce the network load, especially on the server part, and can provide advantages in multicast cases or re-sending of content data to users due to transmission errors. In NDN, interest messages are sent to the router, and if they are not immediately found, they will continue to be forwarded, resulting in a large load. NDNS or a DNS-Like Name Service for NDN is needed to know exactly where the content is to improve system performance. NDNS is a database that provides information about the zone location of the data contained in the network. In this study, a simulation was conducted to test the NDNS mechanism on the NDN network to support caching on the NDN network by testing various topologies with changes in the size of the content store and the number of nodes used. NDNS is outperform compared to NDN without NDNS for cache hit ratio and load parameters.

The purpose of using the Internet has changed from "connecting to computers" to "acquiring content". So, the ICN (Information Centric Network) has been proposed to fit this purpose. In this research, we focus on the architecture of NDN (named data networking). The NFD (NDN forwarding daemon) is a network forwarder that implements the NDN protocol. The ndnSIM is a simulator of NDN. From ndnSIM version 2.8, a part of content store implementation has been removed from the simulator and it becomes to use content store implementation of NFD. In this poster, we select two caching functions, probabilistic caching and expired deletion, which are removed from ndnSIM 2.8 and not included in NFD. We port these functions to NFD for a more practical implementation. Under a certain network, we were able to confirm that previous and ported functions provided equivalent functions. It was also possible to simulate in version ndnSIM 2.8 using the ported functions.

This paper examines the fast approaching highly secure and content centric data sharing architecture Named Data Networking. The content name plays the key role in NDN. Most of the users are interested only in the content or information and thereby the host centric internet architecture is losing its importance. Different naming conventions and caching strategies used in Named Data Networking based applications have been discussed in this study. The convergence of NDN with the vehicular networks and the ongoing studies in it will make the path to Intelligent Transportation system more optimized and efficient. It describes the future internet and this idea has taken root in most of the upcoming IOT applications which are going to conquer every phase of life. Though it is in its infancy stage of development, NDN will soon take over traditional IP Architecture.

Named Data Network (NDN) is considered to be the future of Internet architecture. The nature of NDN is to disseminate data based on the naming scheme rather than the location of the node. This feature caters to the need of vehicular applications, resulting in Vehicular Named Data Networks (VNDN). Although it is still in the initial stages of research, the collaboration has assured various advantages which attract the researchers to explore the architecture further. VNDN face challenges such as intermittent connectivity, mobility of nodes, design of efficient forwarding and naming schemes, among others. In order to develop effective forwarding strategies, behavior of data and interest packets under various circumstances needs to be studied. In this paper, propagation behavior of data and interest packets is analyzed by considering metrics such as Interest Satisfaction Ratio (ISR), Hop Count Difference (HCD) and Copies of Data Packets Processed (CDPP). These metrics are evaluated under network conditions such as varying network size, node mobility and amount of interest produced by each node. Simulation results show that data packets do not follow the reverse path of interest packets.

The initially designed internet aimed to create a communication network. The hosts share specific IP addresses to establish a communication channel to transfer messages. However, with the advancement of internet technologies as well as recent growth in various applications such as social networking, web sites, and number of smart phone users, the internet today act as distribution network. The content distribution for large volume traffic on internet mainly suffers from two issues 1) IP addresses allocation for each request message and 2) Real time content delivery. Moreover, users nowadays care only about getting data irrespective of its location. To meet need of the hour for content centric networking (CCN), Information centric networking (ICN) has been proposed as the future internet architecture. Named data networks (NDN) found its roots under the umbrella of ICN as one of its project to overcome the above listed issues. NDN is based on the technique of providing named data retrieval from intermediate nodes. This conceptual shift raises questions on its design, services and challenges. In this paper, we contribute by presenting architectural design of NDN with its routing and forwarding mechanism. Subsequently, we cover services offered by NDN for request-response message communication. Furthermore, the challenges faced by NDN for its implementation has been discussed in last.

Data-Centric Networking (DCN) is a research project based on Named Data Networking (NDN), which focuses on the high-performance name-based forwarder, distributed pub/sub data distribution platform, distributed network storage, in-network processing platform, and blockchain-based data trading platform. In this paper, we present a design of real-time public Internet of Things (IoT) data distribution platform which is based on a Data-Centric Networking (DCN) distributed pub/sub data distribution platform.

In order to improve the status monitoring and management ability of wireless sensor networks, a dynamic data compression method based on grid deduplication is proposed. Grid-based sensor node spatial positioning and big data fusion method are adopted to realize dynamic feature mining of wireless sensor network data, extract feature sequence points of wireless sensor network data, reconstruct wireless sensor network data feature space by adopting spatial grid node recombination, build a statistical detection model of dynamic feature mining of wireless sensor network data by combining grid area grouping compression method, and realize embedded fuzzy control and joint feature distributed adaptive learning. The association matching degree of wireless sensor network data is analyzed. Combining fuzzy subspace compression and big data fusion clustering, the quantitative regression analysis model of wireless sensor network data is established. The time series reorganization of wireless sensor network database is realized by index table name, index column and other information. Compressed sensing method is used in linear fusion subspace to realize data compression and adaptive detection of wireless sensor network. Constraint feature points of wireless sensor network data compression are constructed, and dynamic compression and clustering processing of wireless sensor network data are realized at constraint points. Simulation results show that the feature clustering of data compression in wireless sensor networks is better and the storage space of data is reduced.

In this article we have developed a simulation model in the Mininet environment for analyzing the operation of a software-defined network (SDN) in cloud data centers. The results of the simulation model of the operation of the SDN network on the Mininet emulator and the results of the simulation of the traditional network in the Graphical Network Simulator 3 emulator are presented.

Recently, methods are studied to overcome various problems for Named Data Networking(NDN). Among them, a new method which can overcome content storm problem is required to reduce network congestion and deliver content packet to consumer reliably. According to the various studies, the content storm problems could be overcame by scoped interest flooding. However, because these methods do not considers not only network congestion ratio but also the number another different paths, the correspond content packets could be transmitted unnecessary and network congestion could be worse. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new content forwarding method for NDN to overcome the content storm problem. In the proposed method, if the network is locally congested and another paths are generated, an intermediate node could postpone or withdraw the content packet transmission to reduce congestion.

One of the most innovative directions in the Internet is Information Centric Networks, in particular the Named Data Network. This approach should make it easier to find and retrieve the desired information on the network through name-based addressing, intranet caching and other schemes. This article presents Named Data Network modeling, results and performance evaluation of proposed caching policies for Named Data Network research, taking into account the influence of external factors on base of Zipf's law and uniform distribution.

Named Data Networking (NDN) is an emerging network architecture, which is built by keeping data as its pivotal point. The in-network cache, one of the important characteristics, makes data packets to be available from multiple locations on the Internet. Hence data access control and their enforcement mechanisms become even more critical in the NDNs. In this paper, we propose a novel encryption-based data access control scheme using Role-Based Encryption (RBE). The inheritance property of our scheme provides a natural way to achieve efficient data access control over hierarchical content. This in turn makes our scheme suitable for large scale real world content-centric applications and services such as Netflix. Further, the proposed scheme introduces an anonymous signature-based authentication mechanism to reject bogus data requests nearer to the source, thereby preventing them from entering the network. This in turn helps to mitigate better denial of service attacks. In addition, the signature mechanism supports unlinkability, which is essential to prevent leakages of individual user's access patterns. Another major feature of the proposed scheme is that it provides accountability of the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) using batch signature verification. Moreover, we have developed a transparent and secure dispute resolution and payment mechanism using smart-contract and blockchain technologies. We present a formal security analysis of our scheme to show it is provably secure against Chosen Plaintext Attacks. We also demonstrate that our scheme supports more functionalities than the existing schemes and its performance is better in terms of computation, communication and storage.

Content-centric networking is emerging as a credible alternative to host-centric networking, especially in scenarios of large-scale content distribution and where privacy requirements are crucial. Recently, research on content-centric networking has focused on security aspects and proposed solutions aimed to protect the network from attacks targeting the content delivery protocols. Content-centric networks are based on the strong assumption of being able to access genuine content from genuine nodes, which is however unrealistic and could open the door to disruptive attacks. Network node misbehavior, either due to poisoning attacks or malfunctioning, can act as a persistent threat that goes unnoticed and causes dangerous consequences. In this paper, we propose a novel certification methodology for content-centric networks that improves transparency and increases trustworthiness of the network and its nodes. The proposed approach builds on behavioral analysis and implements a continuous certification process that collects evidence from the network nodes and verifies their non-functional properties using a rule-based inference model. Utility, performance, and soundness of our approach have been experimentally evaluated on a simulated Named Data Networking (NDN) network targeting properties availability, integrity, and non-repudiation.

A vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) allows groups of autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles to share information and content with each other and infrastructure. Named Data Networking (NDN) is recently proposed as one of the future internet architectures, which allows communication in network-based upon content name. It has originated from Information-centric networking (ICN). NDN-based VANET uses NDN as an underlying communication paradigm. NDN-based VANET suffers from several security attacks, one such attack is the Interest Flooding Attack (IFA) that targets the core forwarding mechanism of NDN-based VANET. This paper focuses on the detection and mitigation of IFA in NDN-based VANET. We proposed a method FIFA to detect and mitigate IFA. Our proposed method is capable of detecting normal IFA as well as a low-rate IFA. Along with that FIFA also ensures non-repudiation in networks. We have compared our proposed method with the existing mechanism to detect and mitigate IFA named IFAMS. Experiment results show that our method detects and mitigates normal IFA and low-rate IFA in the network.

The key feature of NDN is in-network caching that every router has its cache to store data for future use, thus improve the usage of the network bandwidth and reduce the network latency. However, in-network caching increases the security risks - cache pollution attacks (CPA), which includes locality disruption (ruining the cache locality by sending random requests for unpopular contents to make them popular) and False Locality (introducing unpopular contents in the router's cache by sending requests for a set of unpopular contents). In this paper, we propose a machine learning method, named Triangle Area Based Multivariate Correlation Analysis (TAB-MCA) that detects the cache pollution attacks in NDN. This detection system has two parts, the triangle-area-based MCA technique, and the threshold-based anomaly detection technique. The TAB-MCA technique is used to extract hidden geometrical correlations between two distinct features for all possible permutations and the threshold-based anomaly detection technique. This technique helps our model to be able to distinguish attacks from legitimate traffic records without requiring prior knowledge. Our technique detects locality disruption, false locality, and combination of the two with high accuracy. Implementation of XC-topology, the proposed method shows high efficiency in mitigating these attacks. In comparison to other ML-methods, our proposed method has a low overhead cost in mitigating CPA as it doesn't require attackers' prior knowledge. Additionally, our method can also detect non-uniform attack distributions.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is attracting attention as a content distribution method against increasing network traffic. Content distribution in ICN adopts a pull-type communication method that returns data to Interest. However, in this case, the push-type communication method is advantageous. Therefore, the authors have proposed a method in which a server pushes content to reduce the node load in an environment where a large amount of Interest to specific content occurs in a short time. In this paper, we analyze the packet processing delay time with and without the proposed method in an environment where a router processes a large number of packets using a simulator. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce packet processing delay time and node load.

In Named Data Networking (NDN) architectures, a content object is located according to the content's identifier and can be retrieved from all nodes that hold a replica of the content. The default forwarding strategy of NDN is to forward an Interest packet along the default path from the requester to the server to find a content object according to its name prefix. However, the best path may not be the default path, since content might also be located nearby. Hence, the default strategy could result in a sub-optimal delivery efficiency. To address this issue we introduce a vicinity-based replica finding scheme. This is based on the observation that content objects might be requested several times. Therefore, replicas can be often cached within a particular neighbourhood and thus it might be efficient to specifically look for them in order to improve the content delivery performance. Within this paper, we evaluate the optimal size of the vicinity within which content should be located (i.e. the distance between the requester and its neighbours that are considered within the content search). We also compare the proposed scheme with the default NDN forwarding strategy with respect to replica finding efficiency and network overhead. Using the proposed scheme, we demonstrate that the replica finding mechanism reduces the delivery time effectively with acceptable overhead costs.

The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) challenges the end-to-end transport of the Internet by low power lossy links and gateways that perform protocol translations. Protocols such as CoAP or MQTT-SN are degraded by the overhead of DTLS sessions, which in common deployment protect content transfer only up to the gateway. To preserve content security end-to-end via gateways and proxies, the IETF recently developed Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), which extends CoAP with content object security features commonly known from Information Centric Networks (ICN). This paper presents a comparative analysis of protocol stacks that protect request-response transactions. We measure protocol performances of CoAP over DTLS, OSCORE, and the information-centric Named Data Networking (NDN) protocol on a large-scale IoT testbed in single- and multi-hop scenarios. Our findings indicate that (a) OSCORE improves on CoAP over DTLS in error-prone wireless regimes due to omitting the overhead of maintaining security sessions at endpoints, and (b) NDN attains superior robustness and reliability due to its intrinsic network caches and hop-wise retransmissions.

Named Data Networking (NDN) uses the content name to enable content sharing in a network using Interest and Data messages. In essence, NDN supports communication through multiple interfaces, therefore, it is imperative to think of the interface that better meets the communication requirements of the application. The current interface ranking is based on single static metric such as minimum number of hops, maximum satisfaction rate, or minimum network delay. However, this ranking may adversely affect the network performance. To fill the gap, in this paper, we propose a new multi-metric robust interface ranking scheme that combines multiple metrics with different objective functions. Furthermore, we also introduce different forwarding modes to handle the forwarding decision according to the available ranked interfaces. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme selects the best and suitable forwarding interface to deliver content.

Named Data Network's (NDN) data-centric approach makes it a suitable solution in a networking scenario where there are connectivity issues as a result of the dynamism of the network. Coupling of this ability with the blockchain's well-documented immutable trustworthy-distributed ledger feature, the union of blockchain and NDN in an Internet-of-Battlefield-Things (IoBT) setting could prove to be the ideal alliance that would guarantee data exchanged in an IoBT environment is trusted and less susceptible to cyber-attacks and packet losses. Various blockchain technologies, however, require that each node has a ledger that stores information or transactions in a chain of blocks. This poses an issue as nodes in an IoBT setting have varying computing and storage resources. Moreover, most of the nodes in the IoT/IoBT network are plagued with limited resources. As such, there needs to be an approach that ensures that the limited resources of these nodes are efficiently utilized. In this paper, we investigate an approach that merges blockchain and NDN to efficiently utilize the resources of these resource-constrained nodes by only storing relevant information on each node's ledger. Furthermore, we propose a sharding technique called an Interest Group and introduce a novel consensus mechanism called Proof of Common Interest. Performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using numerical results.

Recently, named data networking (NDN) has been introduced to connect the world of computing devices via naming data instead of their containers. Through this strategic change, NDN brings several new features to network communication, including in-network caching, multipath forwarding, built-in multicast, and data security. Despite these unique features of NDN networking, there exist plenty of opportunities for continuing developments, especially with packet forwarding and caching. In this context, we introduce liteNDN, a novel forwarding and caching strategy for NDN networks. liteNDN comprises a cooperative forwarding strategy through which NDN routers share their knowledge, i.e. data names and interfaces, to optimize their packet forwarding decisions. Subsequently, liteNDN leverages that knowledge to estimate the probability of each downstream path to swiftly retrieve the requested data. Additionally, liteNDN exploits heuristics, such as routing costs and data significance, to make proper decisions about caching normal as well as segmented packets. The proposed approach has been extensively evaluated in terms of the data retrieval latency, network utilization, and the cache hit rate. The results showed that liteNDN, compared to conventional NDN forwarding and caching strategies, achieves much less latency while reducing the unnecessary traffic and caching activities.