Mounnan, Oussama, Mouatasim, Abdelkrim El, Manad, Otman, Hidar, Tarik, El Kalam, Anas Abou, Idboufker, Noureddine.
2020.
Privacy-Aware and Authentication based on Blockchain with Fault Tolerance for IoT enabled Fog Computing. 2020 Fifth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC). :347–352.
Fog computing is a new distributed computing paradigm that extends the cloud to the network edge. Fog computing aims at improving quality of service, data access, networking, computation and storage. However, the security and privacy issues persist, even if many cloud solutions were proposed. Indeed, Fog computing introduces new challenges in terms of security and privacy, due to its specific features such as mobility, geo-distribution and heterogeneity etc. Blockchain is an emergent concept bringing efficiency in many fields. In this paper, we propose a new access control scheme based on blockchain technology for the fog computing with fault tolerance in the context of the Internet of Things. Blockchain is used to provide secure management authentication and access process to IoT devices. Each network entity authenticates in the blockchain via the wallet, which allows a secure communication in decentralized environment, hence it achieves the security objectives. In addition, we propose to establish a secure connection between the users and the IoT devices, if their attributes satisfy the policy stored in the blockchain by smart contract. We also address the blockchain transparency problem by the encryption of the users attributes both in the policy and in the request. An authorization token is generated if the encrypted attributes are identical. Moreover, our proposition offers higher scalability, availability and fault tolerance in Fog nodes due to the implementation of load balancing through the Min-Min algorithm.
Kaur, Jasleen, Agrawal, Alka, Khan, Raees Ahmad.
2020.
Security Assessment in Foggy Era through Analytical Hierarchy Process. 2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). :1–6.
Fog Computing provides users with the cloud facilities at the network edge. It may be assumed to be a virtual platform with adequate storage., computation and processing facilities for latency-sensitive applications. The basic difference lies with the fact that this platform is decentralized in nature. In addition., the fog systems or devices process data locally., are conveyable and are capable of being installed on heterogenous hardware. This versatility in its behavior and it being at the network edge turns the attention towards the security of the users sensitive data (in transition or at rest). In this paper., the authors have emphasized on the security of the fog level in typical Fog- IoT architecture. Various security factors (along with their subfactors) persisting at fog level are identified and discussed in detail. The authors have presented a hierarchy of fog computing security factors that is expected to help in considering security in a systematic and efficient manner. Further., the authors have also ranked the same through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and compared the results with Fuzzy-AHP (F-AHP). The results are found to be highly correlated.
Al Harbi, Saud, Halabi, Talal, Bellaiche, Martine.
2020.
Fog Computing Security Assessment for Device Authentication in the Internet of Things. 2020 IEEE 22nd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 18th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 6th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS). :1219–1224.
The Fog is an emergent computing architecture that will support the mobility and geographic distribution of Internet of Things (IoT) nodes and deliver context-aware applications with low latency to end-users. It forms an intermediate layer between IoT devices and the Cloud. However, Fog computing brings many requirements that increase the cost of security management. It inherits the security and trust issues of Cloud and acquires some of the vulnerable features of IoT that threaten data and application confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several existing solutions address some of the security challenges following adequate adaptation, but others require new and innovative mechanisms. These reflect the need for a Fog architecture that provides secure access, efficient authentication, reliable and secure communication, and trust establishment among IoT devices and Fog nodes. The Fog might be more convenient to deploy decentralized authentication solutions for IoT than the Cloud if appropriately designed. In this short survey, we highlight the Fog security challenges related to IoT security requirements and architectural design. We conduct a comparative study of existing Fog architectures then perform a critical analysis of different authentication schemes in Fog computing, which confirms some of the fundamental requirements for effective authentication of IoT devices based on the Fog, such as decentralization, less resource consumption, and low latency.
Chen, Yi-Fan, Huang, Ding-Hsiang, Huang, Cheng-Fu, Lin, Yi-Kuei.
2020.
Reliability Evaluation for a Cloud Computer Network with Fog Computing. 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C). :682–683.
The most recent and important developments in the field of computer networks are cloud and fog computing. In this study, modern cloud computer networks comprising computers, internet of things (IoT), fog servers, and cloud servers for data transmission, is investigated. A cloud computer networks can be modeled as a network with nodes and arcs, in which each arc represents a transmission line, and each node represents an IoT device, a fog server, or a cloud server. Each transmission line has several possible capacities and is regarded as a multistate. The network is termed a multi-state cloud computer network (MCCN). this study firstly constructs the mathematic model to elucidate the flow relationship among the IoT devices, edge servers, and cloud servers and subsequently develop an algorithm to evaluate the performance of the MCCN by calculating network reliability which is defined as the probability of the data being successfully processed by the MCCN.
Verma, Richa, Chandra, Shalini.
2020.
A Fuzzy AHP Approach for Ranking Security Attributes in Fog-IoT Environment. 2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). :1–5.
The advent of Internet and recent technological developments have paved the way for IoT devices in different sectors. The demand for real-time response led to the development of fog computing which is now a popular computing technique. It provides processing, computing and storage at the network edge for latency-sensitive applications such as banking transactions, healthcare etc. This has further led to the pool of user's sensitive data across the web that needs to be secured. In order to find an efficient security solution, it is mandatory to prioritize amongst different fog-level security factors. The authors have therefore, adopted a fuzzy-based Analytical Hierarchy Approach (AHP) for ranking the security attributes in fog-driven IoT environment. The results have also been compared to the ones obtained from classical-AHP and are found to be correlated.
Sendhil, R., Amuthan, A..
2020.
A Comparative Study on security breach in Fog computing and its impact. 2020 International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC). :247–251.
Budding technologies like IoT requires minimum latency for performing real-time applications. The IoT devices collect a huge amount of big data and stores in the cloud environment, because of its on-demand services and scalability. But processing the needed information of the IoT devices from the cloud computing environment is found to be time-sensitive one. To eradicate this issue fog computing environment was created which acts an intermediate between the IoT devices and cloud computing environment. The fog computing performs intermediate computation and storage which is needed by IoT devices and it eliminates the drawbacks of latency and bandwidth limitation faced by directly using cloud computing for storage and accessing. The fog computing even though more advantageous it is more exposed to security issues by its architecture. This paper concentrates more on the security issues met by fog computing and the present methods used by the researchers to secure fog with their pros and cons.
Roshan, Rishu, Matam, Rakesh, Mukherjee, Mithun, Lloret, Jaime, Tripathy, Somanath.
2020.
A secure task-offloading framework for cooperative fog computing environment. GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. :1–6.
Fog computing architecture allows the end-user devices of an Internet of Things (IoT) application to meet their latency and computation requirements by offloading tasks to a fog node in proximity. This fog node in turn may offload the task to a neighboring fog node or the cloud-based on an optimal node selection policy. Several such node selection policies have been proposed that facilitate the selection of an optimal node, minimizing delay and energy consumption. However, one crucial assumption of these schemes is that all the networked fog nodes are authorized part of the fog network. This assumption is not valid, especially in a cooperative fog computing environment like a smart city, where fog nodes of multiple applications cooperate to meet their latency and computation requirements. In this paper, we propose a secure task-offloading framework for a distributed fog computing environment based on smart-contracts on the blockchain. The proposed framework allows a fog-node to securely offload tasks to a neighboring fog node, even if no prior trust-relation exists. The security analysis of the proposed framework shows how non-authenticated fog nodes are prevented from taking up offloading tasks.
Miatra, Ayati, Kumar, Sumit.
2020.
Security Issues With Fog Computing. 2020 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science Engineering (Confluence). :123–128.
Fog computing or edge computing or fogging extends cloud computing to the edge of the network. It operates on the computing, storage and networking services between user-end devices and cloud computing data centres. However, in the process of caring out these operations, fog computing is faced with several security issues. These issues may be inherited from cloud computing systems or may arise due to fog computing systems alone. Some of the major gaps in providing a secure platform for the fog computing process arise from interim operational steps like authentication or identification, which often expands to large scale performance issues in fog computing. Thus, these issues and their implications on fog computing databases, and the possible available solutions are researched and provided for a better scope of future use and growth of fog computing systems by bridging the gaps of security issues in it.