Biblio

A huge number of cloud users and cloud providers are threatened of security issues by cloud computing adoption. Cloud computing is a hub of virtualization that provides virtualization-based infrastructure over physically connected systems. With the rapid advancement of cloud computing technology, data protection is becoming increasingly necessary. It's important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of moving to cloud computing when deciding whether to do so. As a result of security and other problems in the cloud, cloud clients need more time to consider transitioning to cloud environments. Cloud computing, like any other technology, faces numerous challenges, especially in terms of cloud security. Many future customers are wary of cloud adoption because of this. Virtualization Technologies facilitates the sharing of recourses among multiple users. Cloud services are protected using various models such as type-I and type-II hypervisors, OS-level, and unikernel virtualization but also offer a variety of security issues. Unfortunately, several attacks have been built in recent years to compromise the hypervisor and take control of all virtual machines running above it. It is extremely difficult to reduce the size of a hypervisor due to the functions it offers. It is not acceptable for a safe device design to include a large hypervisor in the Trusted Computing Base (TCB). Virtualization is used by cloud computing service providers to provide services. However, using these methods entails handing over complete ownership of data to a third party. This paper covers a variety of topics related to virtualization protection, including a summary of various solutions and risk mitigation in VMM (virtual machine monitor). In this paper, we will discuss issues possible with a malicious virtual machine. We will also discuss security precautions that are required to handle malicious behaviors. We notice the issues of investigating malicious behaviors in cloud computing, give the scientific categorization and demonstrate the future headings. We've identified: i) security specifications for virtualization in Cloud computing, which can be used as a starting point for securing Cloud virtual infrastructure, ii) attacks that can be conducted against Cloud virtual infrastructure, and iii) security solutions to protect the virtualization environment from DDOS attacks.

Cloud storage, in general, is a collection of Computer Technology resources provided to consumers over the internet on a leased basis. Cloud storage has several advantages, including simplicity, reliability, scalability, convergence, and cost savings. One of the most significant impediments to cloud computing's growth is security. This paper proposes a security approach based on cloud security. Cloud security now plays a critical part in everyone's life. Due to security concerns, data is shared between cloud service providers and other users. In order to protect the data from unwanted access, the Security Service Algorithm (SSA), which is called as MONcrypt is used to secure the information. This methodology is established on the obfuscation of data techniques. The MONcrypt SSA is a Security as a Service (SaaS) product. When compared to current obfuscation strategies, the proposed methodology offers a better efficiency and smart protection. In contrast to the current method, MONcrypt eliminates the different dimensions of information that are uploaded to cloud storage. The proposed approach not only preserves the data's secrecy but also decreases the size of the plaintext. The exi sting method does not reduce the size of data until it has been obfuscated. The findings show that the recommended MONcrypt offers optimal protection for the data stored in the cloud within the shortest amount of time. The proposed protocol ensures the confidentiality of the information while reducing the plaintext size. Current techniques should not reduce the size of evidence once it has been muddled. Based on the findings, it is clear that the proposed MONcrypt provides the highest level of protection in the shortest amount of time for rethought data.

Cloud computing is an evolving technology that provides data storage and highly fast computing services at a very low cost. All data stored in the cloud is handled by their cloud service providers or the caretaker of the cloud. The data owner is concerned about the authenticity and reliability of the data stored in the cloud as the data owners. Data can be misappropriated or altered by any unauthorized user or person. This paper desire to suggest a secure public auditing scheme applying third party auditors to authenticate the privacy, reliability, and integrity of data stored in the cloud. This proposed auditing scheme composes the use of the AES-256 algorithm for encryption, SHA-512 for integrity check and RSA-15360 for public-key encryption. And perform data dynamics operation which deals with mostly insertion, deletion, and, modification.

The increased use of cloud services and its various security and privacy challenges such as identity theft, data breach, data integrity and data confidentiality has made trust management, which is one of the most multifaceted aspect in cloud computing, inevitable. The growing reputation of cloud computing technology makes it immensely important to be acquainted with the meaning of trust in the cloud, as well as identify how the customer and the cloud service providers establish that trust. The traditional trust management mechanisms represent a static trust relationship which falls deficit while meeting up the dynamic requirement of cloud services. In this paper, a conceptual zero trust strategy for the cloud environment has been proposed. The model offers a conceptual typology of perceptions and philosophies for establishing trust in cloud services. Further, importance of trust establishment and challenges of trust in cloud computing have also been explored and discussed.

Research and Development, and information management professionals routinely employ simple keyword searches or more complex Boolean queries when using databases such as PubMed and Ovid and search engines like Google to find the information they need. While satisfying the basic needs of the researcher, basic search is limited which can adversely affect both precision and recall, decreasing productivity and damaging the researchers' ability to discover new insights. The cloud service providers who store user's data may access sensitive information without any proper authority. A basic approach to save the data confidentiality is to encrypt the data. Data encryption also demands the protection of keyword privacy since those usually contain very vital information related to the files. Encryption of keywords protects keyword safety. Fuzzy keyword search enhances system usability by matching the files perfectly or to the nearest possible files against the keywords entered by the user based on similar semantics. Encrypted keyword search in cloud using this logic provides the user, on entering keywords, to receive best possible files in a more secured manner, by protecting the user's documents.

Evaluating user behavior in cloud computing infrastructure is important for both Cloud Users and Cloud Service Providers. The service providers must ensure the safety of users who access the cloud. User behavior can be modeled and employed to help assess trust and play a role in ensuring authenticity and safety of the user. In this paper, we propose a User Behavior Trust Model based on Fuzzy Logic (UBTMFL). In this model, we develop user history patterns and compare them current user behavior. The outcome of the comparison is sent to a trust computation center to calculate a user trust value. This model considers three types of trust: direct, history and comprehensive. Simulation results are included.

In cloud computing environment, there are malignant nodes which create a huge problem to transfer data in communication. As there are so many models to prevent the data over the network, here we try to prevent or make secure to the network by avoiding mallicious nodes in between the communication. So the probabiliostic approach what we use here is a coherent tool to supervise the security challenges in the cloud environment. The matter of security for cloud computing is a superficial quality of service from cloud service providers. Even, cloud computing dealing everyday with new challenges, which is in process to well investigate. This research work draws the light on aspect regarding with the cloud data transmission and security by identifying the malignanat nodes in between the communication. Cloud computing network shared the common pool of resources like hardware, framework, platforms and security mechanisms. therefore Cloud Computing cache the information and deliver the secure transaction of data, so privacy and security has become the bone of contention which hampers the process to execute safely. To ensure the security of data in cloud environment, we proposed a method by implementing white box cryptography on RSA algorithm and then we work on the network, and find the malignant nodes which hampering the communication by hitting each other in the network. Several existing security models already have been deployed with security attacks. A probabilistic authentication and authorization approach is introduced to overcome this attack easily. It observes corrupted nodes before hitting with maximum probability. here we use a command table to conquer the malignant nodes. then we do the comparative study and it shows the probabilistic authentication and authorization protocol gives the performance much better than the old ones.

Cloud service providers offer a low-cost and convenient solution to host unstructured data. However, cloud services act as third-party solutions and do not provide control of the data to users. This has raised security and privacy concerns for many organizations (users) with sensitive data to utilize cloud-based solutions. User-side encryption can potentially address these concerns by establishing user-centric cloud services and granting data control to the user. Nonetheless, user-side encryption limits the ability to process (e.g., search) encrypted data on the cloud. Accordingly, in this research, we provide a framework that enables processing (in particular, searching) of encrypted multiorganizational (i.e., multi-source) big data without revealing the data to cloud provider. Our framework leverages locality feature of edge computing to offer a user-centric search ability in a realtime manner. In particular, the edge system intelligently predicts the user's search pattern and prunes the multi-source big data search space to reduce the search time. The pruning system is based on efficient sampling from the clustered big dataset on the cloud. For each cluster, the pruning system dynamically samples appropriate number of terms based on the user's search tendency, so that the cluster is optimally represented. We developed a prototype of a user-centric search system and evaluated it against multiple datasets. Experimental results demonstrate 27% improvement in the pruning quality and search accuracy.

Internet of Things is the newfound information architecture based on the Internet that develops interactions between objects and services in a secure and reliable environment. As the availability of many smart devices rises, secure and scalable mass storage systems for aggregate data is required in IoTs applications. In this paper, we propose a new method for storing aggregate data in IoTs by use of ( t, n) -threshold secret sharing scheme in the cloud storage. In this method, original data is divided into t blocks that each block is considered as a share. This method is scalable and traceable, i.e., new data can be inserted or part of original data can be deleted, without changing shares, also cloud service providers' fault in sending invalid shares are detectable.

The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in exploiting the advantages of Cloud Computing technology. However, the full migration of services and data to the Cloud is still cautious due to the lack of security assurance. Cloud Service Providers (CSPs)are urged to exert the necessary efforts to boost their reputation and improve their trustworthiness. Nevertheless, the uniform implementation of advanced security solutions across all their data centers is not the ideal solution, since customers' security requirements are usually not monolithic. In this paper, we aim at integrating the Cloud security risk into the process of resource provisioning to increase the security of Cloud data centers. First, we propose a quantitative security risk evaluation approach based on the definition of distinct security metrics and configurations adapted to the Cloud Computing environment. Then, the evaluated security risk levels are incorporated into a resource provisioning model in an InterCloud setting. Finally, we adopt two different metaheuristics approaches from the family of evolutionary computation to solve the security risk-aware resource provisioning problem. Simulations show that our model reduces the security risk within the Cloud infrastructure and demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of proposed solutions.

Cloud computing is widely believed to be the future of computing. It has grown from being a promising idea to one of the fastest research and development paradigms of the computing industry. However, security and privacy concerns represent a significant hindrance to the widespread adoption of cloud computing services. Likewise, the attributes of the cloud such as multi-tenancy, dynamic supply chain, limited visibility of security controls and system complexity, have exacerbated the challenge of assessing cloud risks. In this paper, we conduct a real-world case study to validate the use of a supply chaininclusive risk assessment model in assessing the risks of a multicloud SaaS application. Using the components of the Cloud Supply Chain Cyber Risk Assessment (CSCCRA) model, we show how the model enables cloud service providers (CSPs) to identify critical suppliers, map their supply chain, identify weak security spots within the chain, and analyse the risk of the SaaS application, while also presenting the value of the risk in monetary terms. A key novelty of the CSCCRA model is that it caters for the complexities involved in the delivery of SaaS applications and adapts to the dynamic nature of the cloud, enabling CSPs to conduct risk assessments at a higher frequency, in response to a change in the supply chain.

Cloud computing denotes an IT infrastructure where data and software are stored and processed remotely in a data center of a cloud provider, which are accessible via an Internet service. This new paradigm is increasingly reaching the ears of companies and has revolutionized the marketplace of today owing to several factors, in particular its cost-effective architectures covering transmission, storage and intensive data computing. However, like any new technology, the cloud computing technology brings new problems of security, which represents the main restrain on turning to this paradigm. For this reason, users are reluctant to resort to the cloud because of security and protection of private data as well as lack of trust in cloud service providers. The work in this paper allows the readers to familiarize themselves with the field of security in the cloud computing paradigm while suggesting our contribution in this context. The security schema we propose allowing a distant user to ensure a completely secure migration of all their data anywhere in the cloud through DNA cryptography. Carried out experiments showed that our security solution outperforms its competitors in terms of integrity and confidentiality of data.

The Cloud computing in simple terms is storing and accessing data through internet. The data stored in the cloud is managed by cloud service providers. Storing data in cloud saves users time and memory. But once user stores data in cloud, he loses the control over his data. Hence there must be some security issues to be handled to keep users data safely in the cloud. In this work, we projected a secure auditing system using Third Party Auditor (TPA). We used Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for encrypting user's data and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-2) to compute message digest. The system is executed in Amazon EC2 cloud by creating windows server instance. The results obtained demonstrates that our proposed work is safe and takes a firm time to audit the files.

Cloud federations allow Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) to deliver more efficient service performance by interconnecting their Cloud environments and sharing their resources. However, the security of the federated Cloud service could be compromised if the resources are shared with relatively insecure and unreliable CSPs. In this paper, we propose a Cloud federation formation model that considers the security risk levels of CSPs. We start by quantifying the security risk of CSPs according to well defined evaluation criteria related to security risk avoidance and mitigation, then we model the Cloud federation formation process as a hedonic coalitional game with a preference relation that is based on the security risk levels and reputations of CSPs. We propose a federation formation algorithm that enables CSPs to cooperate while considering the security risk introduced to their infrastructures, and refrain from cooperating with undesirable CSPs. According to the stability-based solution concepts that we use to evaluate the game, the model shows that CSPs will be able to form acceptable federations on the fly to service incoming resource provisioning requests whenever required.

In the past couple of years Cloud Computing has become an eminent part of the IT industry. As a result of its economic benefits more and more people are heading towards Cloud adoption. In present times there are numerous Cloud Service providers (CSP) allowing customers to host their applications and data onto Cloud. However Cloud Security continues to be the biggest obstacle in Cloud adoption and thereby prevents customers from accessing its services. Various techniques have been implemented by provides in order to mitigate risks pertaining to Cloud security. In this paper, we present a Hybrid Cryptographic System (HCS) that combines the benefits of both symmetric and asymmetric encryption thus resulting in a secure Cloud environment. The paper focuses on creating a secure Cloud ecosystem wherein we make use of multi-factor authentication along with multiple levels of hashing and encryption. The proposed system along with the algorithm are simulated using the CloudSim simulator. To this end, we illustrate the working of our proposed system along with the simulated results.

Cloud computing is revolutionizing many IT ecosystems through offering scalable computing resources that are easy to configure, use and inter-connect. However, this model has always been viewed with some suspicion as it raises a wide range of security and privacy issues that need to be negotiated. This research focuses on the construction of a trust layer in cloud computing to build a trust relationship between cloud service providers and cloud users. In particular, we address the rise of container-based virtualisation has a weak isolation compared to traditional VMs because of the shared use of the OS kernel and system components. Therefore, we will build a trust layer to solve the issues of weaker isolation whilst maintaining the performance and scalability of the approach. This paper has two objectives. Firstly, we propose a security system to protect containers from other guests through the addition of a Role-based Access Control (RBAC) model and the provision of strict data protection and security. Secondly, we provide a stress test using isolation benchmarking tools to evaluate the isolation in containers in term of performance.

Cloud Computing has emerged as a paradigm to deliver on demand resources to facilitate the customers with access to their infrastructure and applications as per their requirements on a subscription basis. An exponential increase in the number of cloud services in the past few years provides more options for customers to choose from. To assist customers in selecting a most trustworthy cloud provider, a unified trust evaluation framework is needed. Trust helps in the estimation of competency of a resource provider in completing a task thus enabling users to select the best resources in the heterogeneous cloud infrastructure. Trust estimates obtained using the AHP process exhibit a deviation for parameters that are not in direct proportion to the contributing attributes. Such deviation can be removed using the Fuzzy AHP model. In this paper, a Fuzzy AHP based hierarchical trust model has been proposed to rate the service providers and their various plans for infrastructure as a service.

Cloud technologies are increasingly important for IT department for allowing them to concentrate on strategy as opposed to maintaining data centers; the biggest advantages of the cloud is the ability to share computing resources between multiple providers, especially hybrid clouds, in overcoming infrastructure limitations. User identity federation is considered as the second major risk in the cloud, and since business organizations use multiple cloud service providers, IT department faces a range of constraints. Multiple attempts to solve this problem have been suggested like federated Identity, which has a number of advantages, despite it suffering from challenges that are common in new technologies. The following paper tackles federated identity, its components, advantages, disadvantages, and then proposes a number of useful scenarios to manage identity in hybrid clouds infrastructure.

The Cloud computing offers various services and web based applications over the internet. With the tremendous growth in the development of cloud based services, the security issue is the main challenge and today's concern for the cloud service providers. This paper describes the management of security issues based on Diameter AAA mechanisms for authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) demanded by cloud service providers. This paper focuses on the integration of Diameter AAA into cloud system architecture.
 

Cloud computing allows users to delegate data and computation to cloud service providers, at the cost of giving up physical control of their computing infrastructure. An attacker (e.g., insider) with physical access to the computing platform can perform various physical attacks, including probing memory buses and cold-boot style attacks. Previous work on secure (co-)processors provides hardware support for memory encryption and prevents direct leakage of sensitive data over the memory bus. However, an adversary snooping on the bus can still infer sensitive information from the memory access traces. Existing work on Oblivious RAM (ORAM) provides a solution for users to put all data in an ORAM; and accesses to an ORAM are obfuscated such that no information leaks through memory access traces. This method, however, incurs significant memory access overhead. This work is the first to leverage programming language techniques to offer efficient memory-trace oblivious program execution, while providing formal security guarantees. We formally define the notion of memory-trace obliviousness, and provide a type system for verifying that a program satisfies this property. We also describe a compiler that transforms a program into a structurally similar one that satisfies memory trace obliviousness. To achieve optimal efficiency, our compiler partitions variables into several small ORAM banks rather than one large one, without risking security. We use several example programs to demonstrate the efficiency gains our compiler achieves in comparison with the naive method of placing all variables in the same ORAM.