| Title | Development of a Cyber-Resilient Line Current Differential Relay |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Authors | Ameli, Amir, Hooshyar, Ali, El-Saadany, Ehab F. |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pagination | 305—318 |
| Date Published | jan |
| ISSN | 1941-0050 |
| Keywords | Circuit faults, command injection attacks, composability, computer security, coordinated attacks, Current measurement, Cyber-physical systems, cyber-resilient line current differential relay, cyber-security, cyber-security concerns, digital communication channels, false data injection attacks, false line tripping, FDIA, Global Positioning System, LCDR, LCDR's trip command, line current differential relays (LCDRs), line terminals, measured superimposed voltages, Metrics, positive-sequence, power engineering computing, power system relaying, power system security, power transmission faults, power transmission lines, power transmission protection, protected line, protection systems, pubcrawl, relay protection, Relays, remote current measurement, resilience, Resiliency, security of data, superimposed voltage, Transmission line measurements, transmission line protection, two-terminal lines, Voltage measurement |
| Abstract | The application of line current differential relays (LCDRs) to protect transmission lines has recently proliferated. However, the reliance of LCDRs on digital communication channels has raised growing cyber-security concerns. This paper investigates the impacts of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) on the performance of LCDRs. It also develops coordinated attacks that involve multiple components, including LCDRs, and can cause false line tripping. Additionally, this paper proposes a technique for detecting FDIAs against LCDRs and differentiating them from actual faults in two-terminal lines. In this method, when an LCDR detects a fault, instead of immediately tripping the line, it calculates and measures the superimposed voltage at its local terminal, using the proposed positive-sequence (PS) and negative-sequence (NS) submodules. To calculate this voltage, the LCDR models the protected line in detail and replaces the rest of the system with a Thevenin equivalent that produces accurate responses at the line terminals. Afterwards, remote current measurement is utilized by the PS and NS submodules to compute each sequence's superimposed voltage. A difference between the calculated and the measured superimposed voltages in any sequence reveals that the remote current measurements are not authentic. Thus, the LCDR's trip command is blocked. The effectiveness of the proposed method is corroborated using simulation results for the IEEE 39-bus test system. The performance of the proposed method is also tested using an OPAL real-time simulator. |
| DOI | 10.1109/TII.2018.2831198 |
| Citation Key | ameli_development_2019 |
Development of a Cyber-Resilient Line Current Differential Relay