| Title | Work-in-Progress: Towards a Smaller than Grain Stream Cipher: Optimized FPGA Implementations of Fruit-80 |
| Publication Type | Conference Paper |
| Year of Publication | 2022 |
| Authors | Yang, Gangqiang, Shi, Zhengyuan, Chen, Cheng, Xiong, Hailiang, Hu, Honggang, Wan, Zhiguo, Gai, Keke, Qiu, Meikang |
| Conference Name | 2022 International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES) |
| Keywords | Ciphers, Computer aided software engineering, Cyber-physical systems, Embedded systems, field programmable gate arrays, Flip-flops, FPGA implementation, Fruit-80, Grain, Internet of Things, Lightweight Ciphers, lightweight cryptography, Optimization, parallelism, pubcrawl, Resiliency, Scalability, stream cipher |
| Abstract | Fruit-80, an ultra-lightweight stream cipher with 80-bit secret key, is oriented toward resource constrained devices in the Internet of Things. In this paper, we propose area and speed optimization architectures of Fruit-80 on FPGAs. The area optimization architecture reuses NFSR&LFSR feedback functions and achieves the most suitable ratio of look-up-tables and flip-flops. The speed optimization architecture adopts a hybrid approach for parallelization and reduces the latency of long data paths by pre-generating primary feedback and inserting flip-flops. In conclusion, the optimal throughput-to-area ratio of the speed optimization architecture is better than that of Grain v1. The area optimization architecture occupies only 35 slices on Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA, smaller than that of Grain and other common stream ciphers. To the best of our knowledge, this result sets a new record of the minimum area in lightweight cipher implementations on FPGA. |
| DOI | 10.1109/CASES55004.2022.00016 |
| Citation Key | yang_work–progress_2022 |
Work-in-Progress: Towards a Smaller than Grain Stream Cipher: Optimized FPGA Implementations of Fruit-80