Biblio

The ever-increasing growth of urban populations coupled with recent mobile data usage trends has led to an unprecedented increase in wireless devices, services and applications, with varying quality of service needs in terms of latency, data rate, and connectivity. To cope with these rising demands and challenges, next-generation wireless networks have resorted to cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) technology as a way of reducing latency and network traffic. A concrete example of this is New York City's LinkNYC network infrastructure, which replaces the city's payphones with kiosk-like structures, called Links, to provide fast and free public Wi-Fi access to city users. When enabled with data storage capability, these Links can, for example, play the role of edge cloud devices to allow in-network content caching so that access latency and network traffic are reduced. In this paper, we propose HybridCache, a hybrid proactive and reactive in-network caching scheme that reduces content access latency and network traffic congestion substantially. It does so by first grouping edge cloud devices in clusters to minimize intra-cluster content access latency and then enabling cooperative-proactively and reactively-caching using LSTM-based prediction to minimize in-network content redundancy. Using the LinkNYC network as the backbone infrastructure for evaluation, we show that HybridCache reduces the number of hops that content needs to traverse and increases cache hit rates, thereby reducing both network traffic and content access latency.

Wireless technology is growing at a fast rate to accommodate the expanding user demands. Currently the radio frequency (RF) spectrum is highly congested and more susceptible to signal fratricide and interference. Therefore, full duplexing techniques are required to enhance the access to the spectrum. Simultaneous Transmit and receive systems (STAR), also known as in-band full duplex systems, are gaining higher attention due to their capability to double spectral efficiency. However, successful implementation of STAR systems requires significant isolation between the transmit and receive signals to reduce self-interference (SI) signal. To minimize this self-interference, front-end coupling cancellation circuits are employed in STAR system. In this paper, an RF coupling suppression circuit is presented based on a hybrid finite impulse response filter (FIR) and resonator architecture. Notably, this newly developed FIR-resonator circuit achieves \textbackslashtextgreater30dB cancellation across a \textbackslashtextgreater1.5:1 bandwidth.

Parallel with the developing world, transportation technologies have started to expand and change significantly year by year. This change brings with it some inevitable problems. Increasing human population and growing transportation-needs result many accidents in urban and rural areas, and this recursively results extra traffic problems and fuel consumption. It is obvious that the issues brought by this spiral loop needed to be solved with the use of some new technological achievements. In this context, self-driving cars or automated vehicles concepts are seen as a good solution. However, this also brings some additional problems with it. Currently many cars are provided with some digital security systems, which are examined in two phases, internal and external. These systems are constructed in the car by using some type of embedded system (such as the Controller Area Network (CAN)) which are needed to be protected form outsider cyberattacks. These attack can be detected by several ways such as rule based system, anomaly based systems, list based systems, etc. The current literature showed that researchers focused on the use of some artificial intelligence techniques for the detection of this type of attack. In this study, an intrusion detection system based on machine learning is proposed for the CAN security, which is the in-vehicle communication structure. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the decision tree-based ensemble learning models results the best performance in the tested models. Additionally, all models have a very good accuracy levels.

Recent advancements in the field of in-vehicle network and wireless communication, has been steadily progressing. Also, the advent of technologies such as Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET) and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), has transformed modern automobiles into a sophisticated cyber-physical system rather than just a isolated mechanical device. Modern automobiles rely on many electronic control units communicating over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. Although protecting the car's external interfaces is an vital part of preventing attacks, detecting malicious activity on the CAN bus is an effective second line of defense against attacks. This paper proposes a hybrid anomaly detection system for CAN bus based on patterns of recurring messages and time interval of messages. The proposed method does not require modifications in CAN bus. The proposed system is evaluated on real CAN bus traffic with simulated attack scenarios. Results obtained show that our proposed system achieved a good detection rate with fast response times.

Compute-intensive platforms such as micro-servers and embedded systems have already undergone a shift from a single-chip to multichip architecture to achieve better yield and lower cost. However, performance of multichip systems is limited by the latency and power-hungry chip-to-chip wired I/Os. On the other hand, wireless interconnections are emerging as an energy-efficient and low latency interconnect solution for such multichip systems as it can mask long multi-hop off-chip wired I/O communication. Despite efficient communication, the unguided on and off-chip wireless communication introduce security vulnerabilities in the system. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable, secure millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) wireless interconnection architecture (AReS) for multichip systems capable of detecting and defending against emerging threats including Hardware Trojans (HTs) and Denial-of-Service (DoS) using a Machine Learning (ML)-based approach. The ML-based approach is used to classify internal and external attack to enable the required defense mechanism. To serve this purpose, we design a reconfigurable Medium Access Control (MAC) and a suitable communication protocol to enable sustainable communication even under jamming attack from both internal and external attackers. The proposed architecture also reuses the in-built test infrastructure to detect and withstand a persistent jamming attack in a wireless multichip system. Through simulation, we show that, the proposed wireless interconnection can sustain chip-to-chip communication even under persistent jamming attack with an average 1.44xand 1.56x latency degradation for internal and external attacks respectively for application-specific traffic.

The usage of K-anonymity to preserve location privacy for wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring systems, where sensor nodes operate together to notify a server with anonymous shared positions. That k-anonymous position is a coated region with at least k people. However, we identify an attack model to show that overlapping aggregate locations remain privacy-risk because the enemy can infer certain overlapping areas with persons under k who violate the privacy requirement for anonymity. Within this paper we suggest a mutual WSN privacy protocol (REAL). Actual needs sensor nodes to arrange their sensing areas separately into a variety of non-overlapping, extremely precise anonymous aggregate positions. We also developed a state transfer framework, a locking mechanism and a time delay mechanism to address the three main REAL challenges, namely self-organisation, shared assets and high precision. We equate REAL's output with current protocols through virtual experiments. The findings demonstrate that REAL preserves the privacy of sites, offers more precise question answers and decreases connectivity and device expense.

Nowadays, smartphones are everywhere. They play an indispensable role in our lives and makes people convenient to communicate, pay, socialize, etc. However, they also bring a lot of security and privacy risks. Keystroke operations of numeric keypad are often required when users input password to perform mobile payment or input other privacy-sensitive information. Different keystrokes may cause different finger movements that will bring different interference to WiFi signal, which may be reflected by channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we propose WiPass, a password-keystroke recognition system for numerical keypad input on smartphones, which especially occurs frequently in mobile payment APPs. Based on only a public WiFi hotspot deployed in the victim payment scenario, WiPass would extracts and analyzes the CSI data generated by the password-keystroke operation of the smartphone user, and infers the user's payment password by comparing the CSI waveforms of different keystrokes. We implemented the WiPass system by using COTS WiFi AP devices and smartphones. The average keystroke segmentation accuracy was 80.45%, and the average keystroke recognition accuracy was 74.24%.

The open and broadcast nature of wireless channels makes eavesdropping possible, leading to the inherent problem of information leakage. Inherent problems should be solved by endogenous security functions. Accordingly, wireless security problems should be resolved by channel-based endogenous security mechanisms. Firstly, this paper analyzes the endogenous security principle of the physical-layer-secret-key method. Afterward, we propose a novel conjecture that in a fast-fading environment, there must exist wireless systems where the endogenous secret key rate can match the user data rate. Moreover, the conjecture is well founded by the instantiation validation in a wireless system with BPSK inputs from the perspectives of both theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. These results indicate that it is possible to accomplish the one-time pad via endogenous secret keys in wireless communication.

The development of IPv6-based wireless local area networks is becoming increasingly mature, and it has defined no less than different standards to meet the needs of different applications. Wireless home networks are widely used because they can be seamlessly connected to daily life, especially smart home devices linked to it. There are certain security issues with smart home devices deployed in wireless home networks, such as data tampering and leakage of sensitive information. This paper proposes a smart home management system based on IPv6 wireless home network, and develops a prototype system deployed on mobile portable devices. Through this system, different roles in the wireless home network can be dynamically authorized and smart home resources can be allocated to achieve the purpose of access control and management.

In this research we propose a framework that will strengthen the IoT devices security from dual perspectives; avoid devices to become attack target as well as a source of an attack. Unlike traditional devices, IoT devices are equipped with insufficient host-based defense system and a continuous internet connection. All time internet enabled devices with insufficient security allures the attackers to use such devices and carry out their attacks on rest of internet. When plethora of vulnerable devices become source of an attack, intensity of such attacks increases exponentially. Mirai was one of the first well-known attack that exploited large number of vulnerable IoT devices, that bring down a large part of Internet. To strengthen the IoT devices from dual security perspective, we propose a two step framework. Firstly, confine the communication boundary of IoT devices; IoT-Sphere. A sphere of IPs that are allowed to communicate with a device. Any communication that violates the sphere will be blocked at the gateway level. Secondly, only allowed communication will be evaluated for potential attacks and anomalies using advance detection engines. To show the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we perform couple of attacks on IoT devices; camera and google home and show the feasibility of IoT-Sphere.

This paper introduces a technique that enhances the capabilities of an intrusion detection system (IDS) in a wireless body area network (WBAN). This technique involves adopting two known machine-learning algorithms: artificial neural network (ANN) and the J48 form of decision trees. The enhanced technique reduces the security threats to a WBAN, such as denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. It is essential to manage noise, which might affect the data gathered by the sensors. In this paper, noise in data is measured because it can affect the accuracy of the machine learning algorithms and demonstrate the level of noise at which the machine-learning model can be trusted. The results show that J48 is the best model when there is no noise, with an accuracy reaching 99.66%, as compared to the ANN algorithm. However, with noisy datasets, ANN shows more tolerance to noise.

This article presents the design and development of a relay switch (RS) to handle electrical loads up to 20A using WiFi technology. The hardware design and the implementation methodology are explained, both for the power supply and for the wireless communication that are embedded in the same small printed circuit board. In the same way, the design of the implemented firmware to operate the developed RS is shown. An ESP-12E module is used to achieve wireless communication of the RS, which can be manipulated through a web page using an MQTT protocol or via and iOS or Arduino app. The developed RS presents at least three differentiators in relation to other similar devices on the market: it can handle a higher electrical load, has a design in accordance with national and international security standards and can use different cybersecurity strategies for wireless communication with the purpose of safe and reliable use. Experimental results using a lamp and a single-phase motor as electrical loads demonstrate an excellent performance and reliability of the developed relay switch.

The Ad-hoc vehicle networks (VANETs) recently stressed communications and networking technologies. VANETs vary from MANETs in tasks, obstacles, system architecture and operation. Smart vehicles and RSUs communicate through unsafe wireless media. By nature, they are vulnerable to threats that can lead to life-threatening circumstances. Due to potentially bad impacts, security measures are needed to recognize these VANET assaults. In this review paper of VANET security, the new VANET approaches are summarized by addressing security complexities. Second, we're reviewing these possible threats and literature recognition mechanisms. Finally, the attacks and their effects are identified and clarified and the responses addressed together.

Due to the reciprocity of wireless channels, the communication parties can directly extract the shared key from channel. This solution were verified through several schemes. However, in real situations, channel sampling of legitimate transceivers might be impacted by noises and other interferences, which makes the channel states obtained by initiator and responder might be obvious different. The efficiency and even availability of physical layer key generation are thus reduced. In this paper, we propose a lightweight and efficient physical layer key generation scheme, which extract shared secret keys from channel state information (CSI). To improve the key generation process, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is employed to reduce differences of channel states of legitimate transceivers. Then, these outputs are quantified and encoded through multi-bit adaptive quantization(MAQ) quantizer and gray code to generate binary bit sequence, which can greatly reduce the bit error rate. Moreover, the low density parity check (LDPC) code and universal hashing functions are used to achieve information reconciliation and privacy amplifification. By adding preprocessing methods in the key generation process and using the rich information of CSI, the security of communications can be increased on the basis of improving the key generation rate. To evaluate this scheme, a number of experiments in various real environments are conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effificiently generate shared secret keys for nodes and protect their communication.

Tunnel approach to the security and privacy aspects of communication networks has been an issue since the inception of networking technologies. Neither the technology nor the regulatory and legal frame works proactively play a significant role towards addressing the ever escalating security challenges. As we have move to ubiquitous computing paradigm where information secrecy and privacy is coupled with new challenges of human to machine and machine to machine interfaces, a transformational model for security should be visited. This research is attempted to highlight the peripheral view of IoT based miniature device security paradigm with focus on standardization, regulations, user adaptation, software and applications, low computing resources and power consumption, human to machine interface and privacy.

The recent advances in mobile devices and wireless communication sector transformed Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) from science fiction to reality. Among the other MAR use cases, the incorporation of this MAR technology in the healthcare sector can elevate the quality of diagnosis and treatment for the patients. However, due to the highly sensitive nature of the data available in this process, it is also highly vulnerable to all types of security threats. In this paper, an edge-based secure architecture is presented for a MAR healthcare application. Based on the ESSMAR architecture, a secure key management scheme is proposed for both the registration and authentication phases. Then the security of the proposed scheme is validated using formal and informal verification methods.

Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) has been always a vital component of many industrial applications. The paper proposes a new wireless URLLC solution called RETIS, which is suitable for factory automation and fast process control applications, where low latency, low jitter, and high data exchange rates are mandatory. In the paper, we describe the communication protocol as well as the hardware structure of the network nodes for implementing the required functionality. Many techniques enabling fast, reliable wireless transmissions are used - short Transmission Time Interval (TTI), TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA), MIMO, optional duplicated data transfer, Forward Error Correction (FEC), ACK mechanism. Preliminary tests show that reliable endto-end latency down to 350 μs and packet exchange rate up to 4 kHz can be reached (using quadruple MIMO and standard IEEE 802.15.4 PHY at 250 kbit/s).

Due to environmental influence and technology limitation, a wireless sensor/sensors module can neither store or process all raw data locally nor reliably forward it to a destination in heterogeneous IoT environment. As a result, the data collected by the IoT's sensors are inherently noisy, unreliable, and may trigger many false alarms. These false or misleading data can lead to wrong decisions once the data reaches end entities. Therefore, it is highly recommended and desirable to acquire trustworthy data before data transmission, aggregation, and data storing at the end entities/cloud. In this paper, we propose an In-network Generalized Trustworthy Data Collection (IGTDC) framework for trustworthy data acquisition and faulty sensor detection in the IoT environment. The key idea of IGTDC is to allow a sensor's module to examine locally whether the raw data is trustworthy before transmitting towards upstream nodes. It further distinguishes whether the acquired data can be trusted or not before data aggregation at the sink/edge node. Besides, IGTDC helps to recognize a faulty or compromised sensor. For a reliable data collection, we use collaborative IoT technique, gate-level modeling, and programmable logic device (PLD) to ensure that the acquired data is reliable before transmitting towards upstream nodes/cloud. We use a hardware-based technique called “Gray Code” to detect a faulty sensor. Through simulations we reveal that the acquired data in IGTDC framework is reliable that can make a trustworthy data collection for event detection, and assist to distinguish a faulty sensor.

Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) enables the testing whether two ciphertexts encrypt the same message. Identity-based encryption with equality test (IBEET) simplify the certificate management of PKEET, which leads to many potential applications such as in smart city applications or Wireless Body Area Networks. Lee et al. (ePrint 2016) proposed a generic construction of IBEET scheme in the standard model utilising a 3-level hierachy IBE together with a one-time signature scheme, which can be instantiated in lattice setting. Duong et al. (ProvSec 2019) proposed the first direct construction of IBEET in standard model from lattices. However, their scheme achieve CPA security only. In this paper, we improve the Duong et al.'s construction by proposing an IBEET in standard model which achieves CCA2 security and with smaller ciphertext and public key size.

The time-varying properties of the wireless channel are a powerful source of information that can complement and enhance traditional security mechanisms. Therefore, we propose a cross-layer authentication mechanism that combines physical layer channel information and traditional authentication mechanism in LTE. To verify the feasibility of the proposed mechanism, we build a cross-layer authentication system that extracts the phase shift information of a typical UE and use the ensemble learning method to train the fingerprint map based on OAI LTE. Experimental results show that our cross-layer authentication mechanism can effectively prompt the security of LTE system.

Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) technique is introduced in Radio Frequency (RF) communication to carry both information and power in same medium. In this approach, the energy can be harvested while decoding the information carries in an RF wave. Recently, the same concept applied in Visible Light Communication (VLC) namely Simultaneous Light Wave Information and Power Transfer (SLIPT), which is highly recommended in an indoor applications to overcome the problem facing in RF communication. Thus, SLIPT is introduced to transmit the power through a Light Emitting Diode (LED) luminaries. In this work, we compare both SWIPT and SLIPT technologies and realize SLIPT technology archives increased performance in terms of the amount of harvested energy, outage probability and error rate performance.

Visible light communication (VLC) is considered as an emerging system for wireless indoor multimedia communications. As any wireless communication system, its channels are open and reachable to both licensed and unlicensed users owing to the broadcast character of visible-light propagation in public areas or multiple-user scenarios. In this work, we consider the physical-layer security approaches for VLC to mitigate this limitation. The physical-layer security approaches can be divided into two categories: keyless security and key-based security approaches. In the last category, recently, the authors introduced physical-layer key-generation approaches for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In these approaches, the cyclic prefix (CP) samples are exploited for key generation. In this paper, we study the effect of the length of key space and order of modulation on the security level, BER performance, and key-disagreement-rate (KDR) of the introduced key-based security approaches. From the results, our approaches are more efficient in higher order of modulation as the KDR decreases with the increase of order of modulation.

Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technique in the fifth and beyond wireless communication networks. In this paper, a secure multiple-input single-output VLC network is studied, where simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer (SLIPT) is exploited to support energy-limited devices taking into account a practical non-linear energy harvesting model. Specifically, the optimal beamforming design problems for minimizing transmit power and maximizing the minimum secrecy rate are studied under the imperfect channel state information (CSI). S-Procedure and a bisection search is applied to tackle challenging non-convex problems and to obtain efficient resource allocation algorithm. It is proved that optimal beamforming schemes can be obtained. It is found that there is a non-trivial trade-off between the average harvested power and the minimum secrecy rate. Moreover, we show that the quality of CSI has a significant impact on achievable performance.

Wireless communication in the field of radio frequency (RF) have modernized our society. People experience persistent connection and high-speed data through wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and LTE while browsing the internet. This causes congestion to network; users make it difficult for everyone to access the internet or to communicate reliably on time. The major issues of RF spectrum are intrusion, high latency and it requires an individual transmitter receiver setup in order to function. Dr. Herald Hass came up with an idea of `data through illumination'. Surmounting the drawbacks of RF spectrum, visible light communication (VLC) is more favored technique. In intelligent transportation system (ITS), this evolving technology of VLC has a strong hold in order to connect vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links wirelessly. Indoor VLC applications have been studied deeply while the field of vehicular VLC (V-VLC) networking is relatively a less researched domain because it has greater level of intrusion and additive ambient light noise is higher in outdoor VLC. Other factors due to which the implementation of VLC faces a lot of hurdles are mostly related to environment such as dust, haze, snow, sunlight, rain, fog, smog and atmospheric disturbances. In this paper, we executed a thorough channel modelling in order to study the effects of clear weather, fog, snow and rain quantitatively with respect to different wavelengths in consideration for an ITS. This makes ITS more robust in nature. The parameters under consideration will be signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER) and optical power received (OPR) for different LED wavelengths.

This talk presents an overview of the latest visible light communication (VLC) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) research and development from the device to the system level. The utilization of laser-based devices and systems for LiFi and underwater Internet of Things (IoT) has been discussed.