Biblio

Technology development has led to rapid increase in demands for multimedia applications. Due to this demand, digital archives are increasingly used to store these multimedia contents. Cloud is the commonly used archive to store, transmit, receive and share multimedia contents. Cloud makes use of internet to perform these tasks due to which data becomes more prone to attacks. Data security and privacy are compromised. This can be avoided by limiting data access to authenticated users and by hiding the data from cloud services that cannot be trusted. Hiding data from the cloud services involves encrypting the data before storing it into the cloud. Data to be shared with other users can be encrypted by utilizing Cipher Text-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE). CP-ABE is used which is a cryptographic technique that controls access to the encrypted data. The pairing-based computation based on bilinearity is used in ABE due to which the requirements for resources like memory and power supply increases rapidly. Most of the devices that we use today have limited memory. Therefore, an efficient pairing free CP- ABE access control scheme using elliptic curve cryptography has been used. Pairing based computation is replaced with scalar product on elliptic curves that reduces the necessary memory and resource requirements for the users. Even though pairing free CP-ABE is used, it is easier to retrieve the plaintext of a secret message if cryptanalysis is used. Therefore, this paper proposes to combine cryptography with steganography in such a way by embedding crypto text into an image to provide increased level of data security and data ownership for sub-optimal multimedia applications. It makes it harder for a cryptanalyst to retrieve the plaintext of a secret message from a stego-object if steganalysis were not used. This scheme significantly improved the data security as well as data privacy.

Media streaming has largely dominated the Internet traffic and the trend will keep increasing in the next years. To efficiently distribute the media content, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has attracted many researchers. Since end users usually obtain content from indeterminate caches in ICN, the publisher cannot reinforce data security and access control depending on the caches. Hence, the ability of self-contained protection is important for the cached contents. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is considered the preferred solution to achieve this goal. However, the existing ABE schemes usually have problems regarding efficiency. The exponentiation in key generation and pairing operation in decryption respectively increases linearly with the number of attributes involved, which make it costly. In this paper, we propose an efficient key-policy ABE with fast key generation and decryption (FKP-ABE). In the key generation, we get rid of exponentiation and only require multiplications/divisions for each attribute in the access policy. And in the decryption, we reduce the pairing operations to a constant number, no matter how many attributes are used. The efficiency analysis indicates that our scheme has better performance than the existing KP-ABE schemes. Finally, we present an implementation framework that incorporates the proposed FKP-ABE with the ICN architecture.

Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has been proposed to enable fine-grained access control on encrypted data for cloud storage service. In the context of CP-ABE, since the decryption privilege is shared by multiple users who have the same attributes, it is difficult to identify the original key owner when given an exposed key. This leaves the malicious cloud users a chance to leak their access credentials to outsourced data in clouds for profits without the risk of being caught, which severely damages data security. To address this problem, we add the property of traceability to the conventional CP-ABE. To catch people leaking their access credentials to outsourced data in clouds for profits effectively, in this paper, we first propose two kinds of non-interactive commitments for traitor tracing. Then we present a fully secure traceable CP-ABE system for cloud storage service from the proposed commitment. Our proposed commitments for traitor tracing may be of independent interest, as they are both pairing-friendly and homomorphic. We also provide extensive experimental results to confirm the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed solution.

As we all are aware that internet acts as a depository to store cyberspace data and provide as a service to its user. cloud computing is a technology by internet, where a large amount of data being pooled by different users is stored. The data being stored comes from various organizations, individuals, and communities etc. Thus, security and privacy of data is of utmost importance to all of its users regardless of the nature of the data being stored. In this research paper the use of multiple encryption technique outlines the importance of data security and privacy protection. Also, what nature of attacks and issues might arise that may corrupt the data; therefore, it is essential to apply effective encryption methods to increase data security.

Many organizations around the world recognize the vitality of cloud computing. However, some concerns make organizations reluctant to adopting cloud computing. These include data security, privacy, and trust issues. It is very important that these issues are addressed to meet client concerns and to encourage the wider adoption of cloud computing. This paper develops a user privacy framework based upon on emerging security model that includes access control, encryption and protection monitor schemas in the cloud environment.

As data security has become one of the most crucial issues in modern storage system/application designs, the data sanitization techniques are regarded as the promising solution on 3D NAND flash-memory-based devices. Many excellent works had been proposed to exploit the in-place reprogramming, erasure and encryption techniques to achieve and implement the sanitization functionalities. However, existing sanitization approaches could lead to performance, disturbance overheads or even deciphered issues. Different from existing works, this work aims at exploring an instantaneous data sanitization scheme by taking advantage of programming disturbance properties. Our proposed design can not only achieve the instantaneous data sanitization by exploiting programming disturbance and error correction code properly, but also enhance the performance with the recycling programming design. The feasibility and capability of our proposed design are evaluated by a series of experiments on 3D NAND flash memory chips, for which we have very encouraging results. The experiment results show that the proposed design could achieve the instantaneous data sanitization with low overhead; besides, it improves the average response time and reduces the number of block erase count by up to 86.8% and 88.8%, respectively.

The Internet of Things (IoT) visualizes a massive network with billions of interaction among smart things which are capable of contributing all sorts of services. Self-configuring things (nodes) are connected dynamically with a global network in IoT scenario. The small things are widely spread in a real world paradigm with minimal processing capacity and limited storage. The recent IoT technologies have more concerns about the security, privacy and reliability. Sharing personal data over the centralized system still remains as a challenging task. If the infrastructure is able to provide the assurance for transferring the data but for now it requires special attention on security and data consistency. Because, centralized system and infrastructure is viewed as a more attractive point for hacker or cyber-attacker. To solve this we present a secured smart contract based on Blockchain to develop a secured communicative network. A Hash based secret key is used for encryption and decryption purposes. A demo attack is done for developing a better understanding on blockchain technology in terms of their comparison and calculation.

Data security is the main challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Security strength and the immunity to security attacks depend mainly on the available power budget. The power-security level trade-off is the main challenge for low power IoT applications, especially, energy limited IoT applications. In this paper, multiple encryption modes that provide different power consumption and security level values are hardware implemented. In other words, some modes provide high security levels at the expense of high power consumption and other modes provide low power consumption with low security level. Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) is utilized to adaptively configure the hardware security module based on the available power budget. For example, for a given power constraint, the DPR controller configures the security module with the security mode that meets the available power constraint. ZC702 evaluation board is utilized to implement the proposed encryption modes using DPR. A Lightweight Authenticated Cipher (ACORN) is the most suitable encryption mode for low power IoT applications as it consumes the minimum power and area among the selected candidates at the expense of low throughput. The whole DPR system is tested with a maximum dynamic power dissipation of 10.08 mW. The suggested DPR system saves about 59.9% of the utilized LUTs compared to the individual implementation of the selected encryption modes.

Unauthorized access of the data is one of the major threat for the real world digital data communication. Digital images are one of the most vital subset of the digital data. Several important and sensitive information is conveyed through digital images. Hence, digital image security is one of the foremost interest of the researchers. Cryptographic algorithms Biological sequences are often used to encrypt data due to their inherent features. DNA encryption is one of the widely used method used for data security which is based on the properties of the biological sequences. To protect the images from unwanted accesses, a new two stage method is proposed in this work. DNA Encryption and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification is used to enhance the security. The proposed method is evaluated using different standard parameters that shows the efficiency of the algorithm.

In recent times, online services are playing a crucial role in our day-to-day life applications. Inspite of their advantage, it also have certain security challenges in the communication network. Security aspects consists of authentication of users, confidentiality of data/information as well as integrity of data. In order to achieve all these parameters, the sensitive information must be digitally signed by the original sender and later verified by the intended recipient. Therefore, research on digital signatures should be further developed to improve the data security and authenticity of the transferred data. In this paper, a secured digital signature algorithm is designed. The design of secure digital signature uses the concept of hybridization of secure hash code, DNA encryption/decryption technique and elgamal encryption/decryption techniques. The use of SHA algorithm generates a secure hash code and hybridization of encryption algorithm reduces the computational complexity and this research method is then compared with existing PlayGamal algorithm with respect to encryption/decryption time complexity.

In recent years, Edge Computing (EC) has attracted increasing attention for its advantages in handling latencysensitive and compute-intensive applications. It is becoming a widespread solution to solve the last mile problem of cloud computing. However, in actual EC deployments, data confidentiality becomes an unignorable issue because edge devices may be untrusted. In this paper, a secure and efficient edge computing scheme based on linear coding is proposed. Generally, linear coding can be utilized to achieve data confidentiality by encoding random blocks with original data blocks before they are distributed to unreliable edge nodes. However, the addition of a large amount of irrelevant random blocks also brings great communication overhead and high decoding complexities. In this paper, we focus on the design of secure coded edge computing using orthogonal vector to protect the information theoretic security of the data matrix stored on edge nodes and the input matrix uploaded by the user device, while to further reduce the communication overhead and decoding complexities. In recent years, Edge Computing (EC) has attracted increasing attention for its advantages in handling latencysensitive and compute-intensive applications. It is becoming a widespread solution to solve the last mile problem of cloud computing. However, in actual EC deployments, data confidentiality becomes an unignorable issue because edge devices may be untrusted. In this paper, a secure and efficient edge computing scheme based on linear coding is proposed. Generally, linear coding can be utilized to achieve data confidentiality by encoding random blocks with original data blocks before they are distributed to unreliable edge nodes. However, the addition of a large amount of irrelevant random blocks also brings great communication overhead and high decoding complexities. In this paper, we focus on the design of secure coded edge computing using orthogonal vector to protect the information theoretic security of the data matrix stored on edge nodes and the input matrix uploaded by the user device, while to further reduce the communication overhead and decoding complexities.

Security plays an important role in many authentication applications. Modern era information sharing is boundless and becoming much easier to access with the introduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Although this can be considered as a good point, issues such as privacy and data integrity arise due to the lack of control and authority. For this reason, the concept of data security was introduced. Data security can be categorized into two which are secrecy and authentication. In particular, this research was focused on the authentication of data security. There have been substantial research which discusses on multi-factor authentication scheme but most of those research do not entirely protect data against all types of attacks. Most current research only focuses on improving the security part of authentication while neglecting other important parts such as the accuracy and efficiency of the system. Current multifactor authentication schemes were simply not designed to have security, accuracy, and efficiency as their main focus. To overcome the above issue, this research will propose a new multi-factor authentication scheme which is capable to withstand external attacks which are known security vulnerabilities and attacks which are based on user behavior. On the other hand, the proposed scheme still needs to maintain an optimum level of accuracy and efficiency. From the result of the experiments, the proposed scheme was proven to be able to withstand the attacks. This is due to the implementation of the attack recognition and key generator technique together with the use of multi-factor in the proposed scheme.

In current, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Middleware is widely used in nearly all RFID applications, and provides service for raw data capturing, security data reading/writing as well as sensors controlling. However, as the existing Middlewares were organized with rigorous data comparison and data encryption, it is seriously affecting the usefulness and execution efficiency. Thus, in order to improve the utilization rate of effective data, increase the reading/writing speed as well as preserving the security of RFID, this paper proposed a PSO (Particle swarm optimization) clustering scheme to accelerate the procedure of data operation. Then with the help of PSO cluster, the RFID Middleware can provide better service for both data security and data availability. At last, a comparative experiment is proposed, which is used to further verify the advantage of our proposed scheme.

The QoS performance of MANET routing protocols is significantly affected by the mobility conditions in network. Secondly, as MANET open nature network, there is strong possibility of different types of vulnerabilities such as blackhole attack, malicious attack, DoS attacks etc. In this research work, we are designing the novel opportunistic routing protocol in order to address the challenges of network security as well as QoS improvement. There two algorithms designed in this paper. First we proposed and designed novel QoS improvement algorithm based on optimization scheme called Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with swarm intelligence approach. This proposed method used the RSSI measurements to determine the distance between two mobile nodes in order to select efficient path for communication. This new routing protocol is named as QoS Mobility Aware ACO (QMAA) Routing Protocol. Second, we designed security algorithm for secure communication and user's authentication in MANET under the presence attackers in network. With security algorithm the QoS aware protocol is proposed named as Secure-QMAA (SQMAA). The SQMAA achieved secure communications while guaranteed QoS performance against existing routing protocols. The simulation results shows that under the presence of malicious attackers, the performance of SQMAA are efficient as compared to QMAA and state-of-art routing protocol.

The NOC Network on chip provides better performance and scalability communication structures point-to-point signal node, shared through bus architecture. Information analysis of method using the IOT termination, as the energy consumed in this regard reduces and reduces the network load but it also displays safety concerns because the valuation data is stored or transmitted to the network in various stages of the node. Using encryption to protect data on the area of network-on-chip Analysis Machine is a way to solve data security issues. We propose a Network on chip based on a combined multicore cluster with special packages for computing-intensive data processing and encryption functionality and support for software, in a tight power envelope for analyzing and coordinating integrated encryption. Programming for regular computing tasks is the challenge of efficient and secure data analysis for IOT end-end applications while providing full-functionality with high efficiency and low power to satisfy the needs of multiple processing applications. Applications provide a substantial parallel, so they can also use NOC's ability. Applications must compose in. This system controls the movement of the packets through the network. As network on chip (NOC) systems become more prevalent in the processing unit. Routers and interconnection networks are the main components of NOC. This system controls the movement of packets over the network. Chip (NOC) networks are very backward for the network processing unit. Guides and Link Networks are critical elements of the NOC. Therefore, these areas require less access and power consumption, so we can better understand environmental and energy transactions. In this manner, a low-area and efficient NOC framework were proposed by removing virtual channels.

Confidentiality, authentication, privacy and integrity are the pillars of securing data. The most generic way of providing security is setting up passwords and usernames collectively known as login credentials. Operating systems use different techniques to ensure security of login credentials yet brute force attacks and dictionary attacks along with various other types which leads to success in passing or cracking passwords.The objective of proposed HS model is to enhance the protection of SAM file used by Windows Registry so that the system is preserved from intruders.

Recently, data protection has become increasingly important in cloud environments. The cloud platform has global user information, rich storage resource allocation information, and a fuller understanding of data attributes. At the same time, there is an urgent need for data access control to provide data security, and software-defined network, as a ready-made facility, has a global network view, global network management capabilities, and programable network rules. In this paper, we present an approach, named High-Performance Software-Defined Data Access Network (HP-SDDAN), providing software-defined data access network architecture, global data attribute management and attribute-based data access network. HP-SDDAN combines the excellent features of cloud platform and software-defined network, and fully considers the performance to implement software-defined data access network. In evaluation, we verify the effectiveness and efficiency of HP-SDDAN implementation, with only 1.46% overhead to achieve attribute-based data access control of attribute-based differential privacy.

Threat intelligence sharing is posited as an important aid to help counter cybersecurity attacks and a number of threat intelligence sharing communities exist. There is a general consensus that many challenges remain to be overcome to achieve fully effective sharing, including concerns about privacy, negative publicity, policy/legal issues and expense of sharing, amongst others. One recent trend undertaken to address this is the use of decentralized blockchain based sharing architectures. However while these platforms can help increase sharing effectiveness they do not fully address all of the above challenges. In particular, issues around trust are not satisfactorily solved by current approaches. In this paper, we describe a novel trust enhancement framework -TITAN- for decentralized sharing based on the use of P2P reputation systems to address open trust issues. Our design uses blockchain and Trusted Execution Environment technologies to ensure security, integrity and privacy in the operation of the threat intelligence sharing reputation system.

Increasingly organizations are collecting ever larger amounts of data to build complex data analytics, machine learning and AI models. Furthermore, the data needed for building such models may be unstructured (e.g., text, image, and video). Hence such data may be stored in different data management systems ranging from relational databases to newer NoSQL databases tailored for storing unstructured data. Furthermore, data scientists are increasingly using programming languages such as Python, R etc. to process data using many existing libraries. In some cases, the developed code will be automatically executed by the NoSQL system on the stored data. These developments indicate the need for a data security and privacy solution that can uniformly protect data stored in many different data management systems and enforce security policies even if sensitive data is processed using a data scientist submitted complex program. In this paper, we introduce our vision for building such a solution for protecting big data. Specifically, our proposed system system allows organizations to 1) enforce policies that control access to sensitive data, 2) keep necessary audit logs automatically for data governance and regulatory compliance, 3) sanitize and redact sensitive data on-the-fly based on the data sensitivity and AI model needs, 4) detect potentially unauthorized or anomalous access to sensitive data, 5) automatically create attribute-based access control policies based on data sensitivity and data type.

In the paper, the author provides a statistical analysis of the enhanced SDEx method based on SHA-256 hash function, which is used to secure end-to-end encryption in data transferring. To examine the quality of the enhanced SDEx encryption algorithm, the ciphertext files were tested to check if they fulfill the conditions of pseudo-randomness. To test the pseudo-randomness of the encrypted files, a test package shared by NIST was used for this purpose. In addition, compression tests on ciphertext files were performed using the WinRAR software.

Emergency medical services universally get regarded as the essential part of the health care delivery system [1]. A relationship exists between the emergency patient death rate and factors such as the failure to access a patient's critical data and the time it takes to arrive at hospitals. Nearly thirty million Americans do not live within an hour of trauma care, so this poor access to trauma centers links to higher pre-hospital death rates in more than half of the United States [2]. So, we need to address the problem. In a patient care-cycle, loads of medical data items are born in different healthcare settings using a disparate system of records during patient visits. The ability for medical care providers to access a patient's complete picture of emergency-relevant medical data is critical and can significantly reduce the annual mortality rate. Today, the problem exists with a continuous recording system of the patient data between healthcare providers. In this paper, we've introduced a combination of secure file transfer methods/tools and blockchain technology as a solution to record patient Emergency relevant medical data as patient walk through from one clinic/medical facility to another, creating a continuous footprint of patient as a secure and scalable data source. So, ambulance crews can access and use it to provide high quality pre-hospital care. All concerns of medical record sharing and accessing like authentication, privacy, security, scalability and audibility, confidentiality has been considered in this approach.

The traditional logistics transaction lacks a perfect traceability mechanism, and the data information's integrity and safety are not guaranteed in the existing traceability system. In order to solve the problem of main body responsibility caused by the participation of many stakeholders and the uncompleted supervision system in the process of logistics service transaction, This paper proposes a traceability algorithm for logistics service transactions based on blockchain. Based on the logistics service supply chain and alliance chain, the paper firstly investigates the traditional logistics service supply chain, analyzes the existing problems, and combines the structural characteristics of the blockchain to propose a decentralized new logistics service supply chain concept model based on blockchain. Then, using Globe sandara 1 to standardize the physical products and data circulating in the new logistics service supply chain, form unified and standard traceable data, and propose a multi-dimensional traceable data model based on logistics service supply chain. Based on the proposed model, combined with the business process of the logistics service supply chain and asymmetric encryption, a blockchain-based logistics service transaction traceability algorithm is designed. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm realizes the end-to-end traceability of the logistics service supply chain, and the service transaction is transparent while ensuring the integrity and security of the data.

A successful Smart Grid system requires purpose-built security architecture which is explicitly designed to protect customer data confidentiality. In addition to the investment on electric power infrastructure for protecting the privacy of Smart Grid-related data, entities need to actively participate in the NIST interoperability framework process; establish policies and oversight structure for the enforcement of cyber security controls of the data through adoption of security best practices, personnel training, cyber vulnerability assessments, and consumer privacy audits.

Cloud storage offers a considerable efficiency and security to the user's data and provide high flexibility to the user. The hackers make attempt of several attacks to steal the data that increase the concern of data security in cloud. The Third Party Auditing (TPA) method is introduced to check the data integrity. There are several TPA methods developed to improve the privacy and efficiency of the data integrity checking method. Various methods involved in TPA, have been analyzed in this review in terms of function, security and overall performance. Merkel Hash Tree (MHT) method provides efficiency and security in checking the integrity of data. The computational overhead of the proof verify is also analyzed in this review. The communication cost of the most TPA methods observed as low and there is a need of improvement in security of the public auditing.

The paper considers data security and privacy issues in intelligent transportation systems which involve data streams coming out from individual vehicles to road side units. In this environment, there are issues in regards to the scalability of key management and computation limitations at the edge of the network. To address these issues, we suggest the formation of groups in the vehicular layer, where a group leader is assigned to communicate with group members and the road side unit. We propose a lightweight permutation mechanism for preserving the confidentiality and privacy of sensory data.