Ad Hoc Network Security

Because they are dynamic, done over shared wireless facilities, and proliferating, ad hoc networks are an important area for security research. In the first half of 2014, a number of works addressing both vehicle-based ad hoc networks (VANETs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been published. Here is a list of some of these publications of interest.

• Kumar, Ankit; Sinha, Madhavi, "Overview on Vehicular Ad Hoc Network And Its Security Issues," Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.792,797, 5-7 March 2014. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) provides infrastructure less, rapidly deployable, self-configurable network connectivity. The network is the collection vehicles interlinked by wireless links and willing to store and forward data for their peers. As vehicles move freely and organize themselves arbitrarily, message routing is done dynamically based on network connectivity. Compared with other ad-hoc networks, VANETs are particularly challenging due to the part of the vehicles' high rate of mobility and the numerous signal-weakening barrier, such as buildings, in their environments. Due to their enormous potential, VANET have gained an increasing attention in both industry and academia. Research activities range from lower layer protocol design to applications and implementation issues. A secure VANET system, while exchanging information should protect the system against unauthorized message injection, message alteration, eavesdropping. The security of VANET is one of the most critical issues because their information transmission is propagated in open access (wireless) environments. A few years back VANET has received increased attention as the potential technology to enhance active and preventive safety on the road, as well as travel comfort Safekeeping and privacy are mandatory in vehicular communications for a grateful acceptance and use of such technology. This paper is an attempt to highlight the problems occurred in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks and security issues.
  Keywords: Authentication; Computer crime; Cryptography; Roads; Safety; Vehicles; Vehicular ad hoc networks; Position based routing; Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET); attacks; authentication; availability; confidentiality; data trust; non-repudiation; privacy; security (ID#:14-2011)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6828071&isnumber=6827395

• Khatri, P., "Using Identity And Trust With Key Management For Achieving Security in Ad hoc Networks," Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2014 IEEE International , vol., no., pp.271,275, 21-22 Feb. 2014. Communication in Mobile Ad hoc network is done over a shared wireless channel with no Central Authority (CA) to monitor. Responsibility of maintaining the integrity and secrecy of data, nodes in the network are held responsible. To attain the goal of trusted communication in MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) lot of approaches using key management has been implemented. This work proposes a composite identity and trust based model (CIDT) which depends on public key, physical identity, and trust of a node which helps in secure data transfer over wireless channels. CIDT is a modified DSR routing protocol for achieving security. Trust Factor of a node along with its key pair and identity is used to authenticate a node in the network. Experience based trust factor (TF) of a node is used to decide the authenticity of a node. A valid certificate is generated for authentic node to carry out the communication in the network. Proposed method works well for self certification scheme of a node in the network.
  Keywords: data communication; mobile ad hoc networks; routing protocols; telecommunication security; wireless channels; MANET; ad hoc networks; central authority; data integrity; data secrecy; experience based trust factor; identity model; key management; mobile ad hoc network; modified DSR routing protocol; physical identity; public key; secure data transfer; security; self certification scheme; shared wireless channel; trust factor ;trust model; trusted communication; wireless channels; Artificial neural networks; Mobile ad hoc networks; Protocols; Public key; Servers; Certificate; MANET; Public key; Secret key; Trust Model (ID#:14-2012)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6779333&isnumber=6779283

• Yanwei Wang; Yu, F.R.; Tang, H.; Minyi Huang, "A Mean Field Game Theoretic Approach for Security Enhancements in Mobile Ad hoc Networks," Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on , vol.13, no.3, pp.1616,1627, March 2014. Game theory can provide a useful tool to study the security problem in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Most of existing works on applying game theories to security only consider two players in the security game model: an attacker and a defender. While this assumption may be valid for a network with centralized administration, it is not realistic in MANETs, where centralized administration is not available. In this paper, using recent advances in mean field game theory, we propose a novel game theoretic approach with multiple players for security in MANETs. The mean field game theory provides a powerful mathematical tool for problems with a large number of players. The proposed scheme can enable an individual node in MANETs to make strategic security defence decisions without centralized administration. In addition, since security defence mechanisms consume precious system resources (e.g., energy), the proposed scheme considers not only the security requirement of MANETs but also the system resources. Moreover, each node in the proposed scheme only needs to know its own state information and the aggregate effect of the other nodes in the MANET. Therefore, the proposed scheme is a fully distributed scheme. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
  Keywords: game theory; mobile ad hoc networks; telecommunication security; MANETs; centralized administration; fully distributed scheme; mathematical tool; mean field game theoretic approach; mobile ad hoc networks; security enhancements; security game model; strategic security defense decisions; system resources; Ad hoc networks; Approximation methods; Equations; Games; Mathematical model; Mobile computing; Security; Mean field game; mobile ad hoc network (MANET); security (ID#:14-2013)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6697928&isnumber=6776574

• Ajamanickam, V.; Veerappan, D., "Inter cluster communication and rekeying technique for multicast security in mobile ad hoc networks," Information Security, IET , vol.8, no.4, pp.234,239, July 2014. Owing to dynamic topology changes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), nodes have the freedom of movement. This characteristic necessitates the process of rekeying to secure multicast transmission. Furthermore, a secure inter cluster communication technique is also mandatory to improve the performance of multicast transmission. In this paper, we propose an inter cluster communication and rekeying technique for multicast security in MANET. The technique facilitates inter cluster communication by distributing private key shares to the nodes, which is performed by the centralised key manager. By tamper proofing the data using private key share, inter cluster communication is accomplished. Furthermore, the rekeying mechanism is invoked when a node joins the cluster. Our rekeying technique incurs low overhead and computation cost. Our technique is simulated in network simulator tool. The simulation results show the proficiency of our technique.
  Keywords: (not provided) (ID#:14-2014)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6842409&isnumber=6842405

• Wei, Z.; Tang, H.; Yu, F.R.; Wang, M.; Mason, P., "Security Enhancements for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Trust Management Using Uncertain Reasoning," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PP, no.99, pp.1,1, April 2014. The distinctive features of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), including dynamic topology and open wireless medium, may lead MANETs suffering from many security vulnerabilities. In this paper, using recent advances in uncertain reasoning originated from artificial intelligence community, we propose a unified trust management scheme that enhances the security in MANETs. In the proposed trust management scheme, the trust model has two components: trust from direct observation and trust from indirect observation. With direct observation from an observer node, the trust value is derived using Bayesian inference, which is a type of uncertain reasoning when the full probability model can be defined. On the other hand, with indirect observation, also called secondhand information that is obtained from neighbor nodes of the observer node, the trust value is derived using the Dempster-Shafer theory, which is another type of uncertain reasoning when the proposition of interest can be derived by an indirect method. Combining these two components in the trust model, we can obtain more accurate trust values of the observed nodes in MANETs. We then evaluate our scheme under the scenario of MANET routing. Extensive simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Specifically, throughput and packet delivery ratio can be improved significantly with slightly increased average endto- end delay and overhead of messages.
  Keywords: Ad hoc networks; Bayes methods; Cognition; Mobile computing; Observers; Routing; Security (ID#:14-2015)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6781620&isnumber=4356907

• Dhurandher, Sanjay K.; Woungang, Isaac; Traore, Issa, "C-SCAN: An Energy-Efficient Network Layer Security Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2014 28th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.530,535, 13-16 May 2014. This paper continues the investigation of our recently proposed protocol (called E2-SCAN) designed for protecting against network layer attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. The enhancements of the E2-SCAN protocol are twofold: (1) a modified credit strategy for tokens renewal is introduced, and (2) a novel strategy for selecting the routing path, resulting to our so-called Conditional SCAN (CSCAN). Simulation experiments are conducted, establishing the superiority of C-SCAN over E2-SCAN in terms of energy efficiency, where the energy efficiency of a node is defined as the ratio of the amount of energy consumed by the node to the total energy consumed by the network.
  Keywords: AODV; Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs); credit-based strategy; energy efficiency ;routing; security ;token (ID#:14-2016)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6844691&isnumber=6844560

• Hui Xia; Zhiping Jia; Sha, E.H.-M., "Research of trust model based on fuzzy theory in mobile ad hoc networks," Information Security, IET , vol.8, no.2, pp.88,103, March 2014. The performance of ad hoc networks depends on the cooperative and trust nature of the distributed nodes. To enhance security in ad hoc networks, it is important to evaluate the trustworthiness of other nodes without central authorities. An information-theoretic framework is presented, to quantitatively measure trust and build a novel trust model (FAPtrust) with multiple trust decision factors. These decision factors are incorporated to reflect trust relationship's complexity and uncertainty in various angles. The weight of these factors is set up using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process theory based on entropy weight method, which makes the model has a better rationality. Moreover, the fuzzy logic rules prediction mechanism is adopted to update a node's trust for future decision-making. As an application of this model, a novel reactive trust-based multicast routing protocol is proposed. This new trusted protocol provides a flexible and feasible approach in routing decision-making, taking into account both the trust constraint and the malicious node detection in multi-agent systems. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of trust model and multicast trust enhancement in the improvement of network interaction quality, trust dynamic adaptability, malicious node identification, attack resistance and enhancements of system's security.
  Keywords: analytic hierarchy process; decision making; fuzzy set theory; mobile ad hoc networks; multi-agent systems; multicast protocols; routing protocols; telecommunication security; FAP trust; decision-making; entropy weight method; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process theory; fuzzy logic; fuzzy theory; information-theoretic framework; malicious node detection; mobile ad hoc network security; multi-agent system; multiple trust decision factor; network interaction quality; network trust dynamic adaptability; trust model ; trust-based multicast routing protocol (ID#:14-2017)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6748543&isnumber=6748540

• Singh, M.P.; Manjul, Manisha; Yadav, Manisha, "Hash based efficient secure routing for network communication," Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.881,888, 5-7 March 2014. Mobile ad-hoc networks are a new field in networking because it works as an autonomous network. Application of mobile ad-hoc networks are increasing day by day in recent year now a days. So it important is increasing to provide suitable routing protocol and security from attacker. Mobile ad-hoc network now a days faces many problems such as small bandwidth, energy, security, limited computational and high mobility. The main problem in mobile ad-hoc networks is that wireless networks, Infrastructure wireless networks have larger bandwidth, larger memory, power backup and different routing protocol easily applies. But in case of mobile ad-hoc networks some of these application failed due to mobility and small power backup so it is required such type of routing protocol which is take small energy during the transfer of packet. So we see that still there are many challenging works in mobile ad-hoc networks remained and to research in this area related to routing protocol, security issues, solving energy problem and many more which is feasible to it. Our research most probably will be dedicated to Authentication in mobile ad-hoc network.
  Keywords: Ad hoc networks; Mobile communication; Mobile computing; Routing; Routing protocols; Security; Attack; Mobile Ad-hoc; Security; WLAN (ID#:14-2018)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6828090&isnumber=6827395

• Biagioni, E., "Ubiquitous Interpersonal Communication over Ad-hoc Networks and the Internet," System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on , vol., no., pp.5144,5153, 6-9 Jan. 2014. The hardware and low-level software in many mobile devices are capable of mobile-to-mobile communication, including ad-hoc 802.11, Bluetooth, and cognitive radios. We have started to leverage this capability to provide interpersonal communication both over infrastructure networks (the Internet), and over ad-hoc and delay-tolerant networks composed of the mobile devices themselves. This network is decentralized in the sense that it can function without any infrastructure, but does take advantage of infrastructure connections when available. All interpersonal communication is encrypted and authenticated so packets may be carried by devices belonging to untrusted others. The decentralized model of security builds a flexible trust network on top of the social network of communicating individuals. This social network can be used to prioritize packets to or from individuals closely related by the social network. Other packets are prioritized to favor packets likely to consume fewer network resources. Each device also has a policy that determines how many packets may be forwarded, with the goal of providing useful interpersonal communications using at most 1% of any given resource on mobile devices. One challenge in a fully decentralized network is routing. Our design uses Rendezvous Points (RPs) and Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) for delivery over infrastructure networks, and hop-limited broadcast and Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) within the wireless ad-hoc network.
  Keywords: {Bluetooth; Internet; cognitive radio; cryptography; delay tolerant networks; mobile ad hoc networks; mobile computing; packet radio networks; telecommunication network routing; wireless LAN; Bluetooth; DHT; DTN; Internet; RP;a d-hoc 802.11 networks; authentication; cognitive radio; decentralized model; decentralized network routing; delay tolerant networking; distributed hash tables; encryption; flexible trust network; hop-limited broadcast low-level software; mobile devices; mobile-to-mobile communication; rendezvous points; social network; ubiquitous interpersonal communication; Ad hoc networks; IP networks; Internet; Public key; Receivers; Social network services; Wireless communication; Ad-Hoc Network; Delay-Tolerant Network; Infrastructureless Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Networking Protocol; Priority Mechanism (ID#:14-2019)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6759236&isnumber=6758592

• Sarma, K.J.; Sharma, R.; Das, R., "A survey of Black hole attack detection in Manet," Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.202,205, 7-8 Feb. 2014. MANET is an infrastructure less, dynamic, decentralised network. Any node can join the network and leave the network at any point of time. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, it is widely used in military communication, emergency communication, academic purpose and mobile conferencing. In MANET there no infrastructure hence each node acts as a host and router. They are connected to each other by Peer-to-peer network. Decentralised means there is nothing like client and server. Each and every node is acted like a client and a server. Due to the dynamic nature of mobile Ad-HOC network it is more vulnerable to attack. Since any node can join or leave the network without any permission the security issues are more challenging than other type of network. One of the major security problems in ad hoc networks called the black hole problem. It occurs when a malicious node referred as black hole joins the network. The black hole conducts its malicious behavior during the process of route discovery. For any received RREQ, the black hole claims having route and propagates a faked RREP. The source node responds to these faked RREPs and sends its data through the received routes once the data is received by the black hole; it is dropped instead of being sent to the desired destination. This paper discusses some of the techniques put forwarded by researchers to detect and prevent Black hole attack in MANET using AODV protocol and based on their flaws a new methodology also have been proposed.
  Keywords: client-server systems; mobile ad hoc networks; network servers; peer-to-peer computing; radiowave propagation; routing protocols; telecommunication security; AODV protocol; MANET; academic purpose; black hole attack detection; client; decentralized network; emergency communication; military communication; mobile ad-hoc network; mobile conferencing; peer-to-peer network; received RREQ; route discovery; security; server; Europe; Mobile communication; Routing protocols; Ad-HOC; Black hole attack; MANET; RREP; RREQ (ID#:14-2020)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6781279&isnumber=6781240

• Chaudhary, A; Kumar, A; Tiwari, V.N., "A reliable solution against Packet dropping attack due to malicious nodes using fuzzy Logic in MANETs," Optimization, Reliabilty, and Information Technology (ICROIT), 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.178,181, 6-8 Feb. 2014. The recent trend of mobile ad hoc network increases the ability and impregnability of communication between the mobile nodes. Mobile ad Hoc networks are completely free from pre-existing infrastructure or authentication point so that all the present mobile nodes which are want to communicate with each other immediately form the topology and initiates the request for data packets to send or receive. For the security perspective, communication between mobile nodes via wireless links make these networks more susceptible to internal or external attacks because any one can join and move the network at any time. In general, Packet dropping attack through the malicious node (s) is one of the possible attack in the mobile ad hoc network. This paper emphasized to develop an intrusion detection system using fuzzy Logic to detect the packet dropping attack from the mobile ad hoc networks and also remove the malicious nodes in order to save the resources of mobile nodes. For the implementation point of view Qualnet simulator 6.1 and Mamdani fuzzy inference system are used to analyze the results. Simulation results show that our system is more capable to detect the dropping attacks with high positive rate and low false positive.
  Keywords: fuzzy logic; inference mechanisms; mobile ad hoc networks; mobile computing; security of data; MANET; Mamdani fuzzy inference system; Qualnet simulator 6.1;data packets; fuzzy logic; intrusion detection system; malicious nodes; mobile ad hoc network; mobile nodes; packet dropping attack; wireless links; Ad hoc networks; Artificial intelligence; Fuzzy sets; Mobile computing; Reliability engineering; Routing; Fuzzy Logic; Intrusion Detection System (IDS);MANETs Security Issues; Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs);Packet Dropping attack (ID#:14-2021)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6798326&isnumber=6798279

• Sakharkar, S.M.; Mangrulkar, R.S.; Atique, M., "A survey: A secure routing method for detecting false reports and gray-hole attacks along with Elliptic Curve Cryptography in wireless sensor networks," Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students' Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 1-2 March 2014. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many applications in military, environmental, and health-related areas. These applications often include the monitoring of sensitive information such as enemy movement on the battlefield or the location of personnel in a building. Security is important in WSNs. However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the use of insecure wireless communication channels. These constraints make security in WSNs a challenge. In this paper, we try to explore security issue in WSN. First, the constraints, security requirements and attacks with their corresponding countermeasures in WSNs are explained. Individual sensor nodes are subject to compromised security. An adversary can inject false reports into the networks via compromised nodes. Furthermore, an adversary can create a Gray hole by compromised nodes. If these two kinds of attacks occur simultaneously in a network, some of the existing methods fail to defend against those attacks. The Ad-hoc On Demand Distance (AODV) Vector scheme for detecting Gray-Hole attack and Statistical En-Route Filtering is used for detecting false report. For increasing security level, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm is used. Simulations results obtain so far reduces energy consumption and also provide greater network security to some extent.
  Keywords: public key cryptography; routing protocols; wireless sensor networks; AODV protocol; Gray hole attack; ad hoc on demand distance vector protocol; elliptic curve cryptography; false report detection; individual sensor nodes; secure routing method; statistical en-route filtering; wireless sensor networks; Base stations; Elliptic curve cryptography; Protocols; Routing; Wireless sensor networks; AODV; ECC; Secure Routing; Security; Statistical En-Route; Wireless Sensor Network (ID#:14-2022)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6804514&isnumber=6804412

• Turguner, Cansin, "Secure fault tolerance mechanism of wireless Ad-Hoc networks with mobile agents," Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2014 22nd , vol., no., pp.1620,1623, 23-25 April 2014. Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are dynamic and wireless self-organization networks that many mobile nodes connect to each other weakly. To compare with traditional networks, they suffer failures that prevent the system from working properly. Nevertheless, we have to cope with many security issues such as unauthorized attempts, security threats and reliability. Using mobile agents in having low level fault tolerance ad-hoc networks provides fault masking that the users never notice. Mobile agent migration among nodes, choosing an alternative paths autonomous and, having high level fault tolerance provide networks that have low bandwidth and high failure ratio, more reliable. In this paper we declare that mobile agents fault tolerance peculiarity and existing fault tolerance method based on mobile agents. Also in ad-hoc networks that need security precautions behind fault tolerance, we express the new model: Secure Mobil Agent Based Fault Tolerance Model.
  Keywords: Ad hoc networks; Conferences; Erbium; Fault tolerance; Fault tolerant systems; Mobile agents; Signal processing; Ad-Hoc network; fault tolerance; mobile agent; related works; secure communication (ID#:14-2023)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6830555&isnumber=6830164

• Barani, F., "A hybrid approach for dynamic intrusion detection in ad hoc networks using genetic algorithm and artificial immune system," Intelligent Systems (ICIS), 2014 Iranian Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,6, 4-6 Feb. 2014. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-created and self organized network of wireless mobile nodes. Due to special characteristics of these networks, security issue is a difficult task to achieve. Hence, applying current intrusion detection techniques developed for fixed networks is not sufficient for MANETs. In this paper, we proposed an approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial immune system (AIS), called GAAIS, for dynamic intrusion detection in AODV-based MANETs. GAAIS is able to adapting itself to network topology changes using two updating methods: partial and total. Each normal feature vector extracted from network traffic is represented by a hypersphere with fix radius. A set of spherical detector is generated using NicheMGA algorithm for covering the nonself space. Spherical detectors are used for detecting anomaly in network traffic. The performance of GAAIS is evaluated for detecting several types of routing attacks simulated using the NS2 simulator, such as Flooding, Blackhole, Neighbor, Rushing, and Wormhole. Experimental results show that GAAIS is more efficient in comparison with similar approaches.
  Keywords: artificial immune systems; feature extraction; genetic algorithms; mobile ad hoc networks; security of data ;telecommunication network routing; telecommunication network topology; telecommunication security; telecommunication traffic; AIS; AODV-based MANET; GA;NS2 simulator; Niche MGA algorithm; artificial immune system; blackhole simulator; dynamic intrusion detection technique; flooding simulator; genetic algorithm; mobile ad hoc network; neighbor simulator; network topology; network traffic; normal feature vector extraction; routing attack simulation; rushing simulator; security; spherical detector; wireless mobile node; wormhole simulator; Biological cells; Detectors; Feature extraction; Heuristic algorithms Intrusion detection; Routing protocols; Vectors; Ad hoc network; Artificial immune system; Genetic algorithm; Intrusion detection; Routing attack (ID#:14-2024)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6802607&isnumber=6798982

• Soleimani, Mohammad Taqi; Kahvand, Mahboubeh, "Defending packet dropping attacks based on dynamic trust model in wireless ad hoc networks," Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON), 2014 17th IEEE , vol., no., pp.362,366, 13-16 April 2014. Rapid advances in wireless ad hoc networks lead to increase their applications in real life. Since wireless ad hoc networks have no centralized infrastructure and management, they are vulnerable to several security threats. Malicious packet dropping is a serious attack against these networks. In this attack, an adversary node tries to drop all or partial received packets instead of forwarding them to the next hop through the path. A dangerous type of this attack is called black hole. In this attack, after absorbing network traffic by the malicious node, it drops all received packets to form a denial of service (DOS) attack. In this paper, a dynamic trust model to defend network against this attack is proposed. In this approach, a node trusts all immediate neighbors initially. Getting feedback from neighbors' behaviors, a node updates the corresponding trust value. The simulation results by NS-2 show that the attack is detected successfully with low false positive probability.
  Keywords: Computers; Conferences; Mobile ad hoc networks; Routing; Routing protocols; Vectors; AODV; Black hole attack; Packet dropping; Security; Trust management; Wireless ad hoc network; reactive routing protocol (ID#:14-2025)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6820561&isnumber=6820492

• Saini, Vinay Kumar; Kumar, Vivek, "AHP, fuzzy sets and TOPSIS based reliable route selection for MANET," Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on, vol., no., pp.24,29, 5-7 March 2014. Route selection is a very sensitive activity for mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and ranking of multiple routes from source node to destination node can result in effective route selection and can provide many other benefits for better performance and security of MANET. This paper proposes an evaluation model based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy sets and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to provide a useful solution for ranking of routes. The proposed model utilizes AHP to acquire criteria weights, fuzzy sets to describe vagueness with linguistic values and triangular fuzzy numbers, and TOPSIS to obtain the final ranking of routes. Final ranking of routes facilitates selection of best and most reliable route and provide alternative options for making a robust Mobile Ad-hoc network. K
  ywords: Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy sets; Mobile ad hoc networks; Pragmatics; Routing; Routing protocols; AHP; Fuzzy sets; MCDM; Manet; TOPSIS (ID#:14-2026)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6828006&isnumber=6827395

• Sumit, S.; Mitra, D.; Gupta, D., "Proposed Intrusion Detection on ZRP based MANET by effective k-means clustering method of data mining," Optimization, Reliabilty, and Information Technology (ICROIT), 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.156,160, 6-8 Feb. 2014. Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) consist of peer-to-peer infrastructure less communicating nodes that are highly dynamic. As a result, routing data becomes more challenging. Ultimately routing protocols for such networks face the challenges of random topology change, nature of the link (symmetric or asymmetric) and power requirement during data transmission. Under such circumstances both, proactive as well as reactive routing are usually inefficient. We consider, zone routing protocol (ZRP) that adds the qualities of the proactive (IARP) and reactive (IERP) protocols. In ZRP, an updated topological map of zone centered on each node, is maintained. Immediate routes are available inside each zone. In order to communicate outside a zone, a route discovery mechanism is employed. The local routing information of the zones helps in this route discovery procedure. In MANET security is always an issue. It is possible that a node can turn malicious and hamper the normal flow of packets in the MANET. In order to overcome such issue we have used a clustering technique to separate the nodes having intrusive behavior from normal behavior. We call this technique as effective k-means clustering which has been motivated from k-means. We propose to implement Intrusion Detection System on each node of the MANET which is using ZRP for packet flow. Then we will use effective k-means to separate the malicious nodes from the network. Thus, our Ad-Hoc network will be free from any malicious activity and normal flow of packets will be possible.
  Keywords: data mining; mobile ad hoc networks; mobile computing; peer-to-peer computing; routing protocols; telecommunication security; K-means clustering method; MANET security; ZRP based MANET; ad-hoc network; clustering technique; data mining; data transmission; intrusion detection system; intrusive behavior; k-means; local routing information; malicious activity; malicious nodes; mobile ad-hoc networks; packet flow; peer-to-peer infrastructure; proactive protocols; random topology; reactive protocols; route discovery mechanism; route discovery procedure; routing data; zone routing protocol; Flowcharts; Mobile ad hoc networks; Mobile computing; Protocols; Routing; IARP; IDS effective k-means clustering; IERP; MANET; ZRP (ID#:14-2027)
  URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6798303&isnumber=6798279

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